tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-56929261282016247422024-03-20T01:41:01.465-07:00EuroBikeGeekPamela Johnsonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02537346850561288842noreply@blogger.comBlogger13125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5692926128201624742.post-43061630604325167322011-08-09T11:19:00.000-07:002011-08-10T11:01:08.630-07:00The Netherlands' Greenways- Can We Make Portland's Greenways More Like Theirs?<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Introduction</span></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">A ‘bike boulevard’, also known as a ‘neighborhood greenway’ is a designated route on a residential street that serves the needs of cyclists but also improves neighborhood streets. For bikes, the neighborhood greenway is a designated route on a street with features that make bike travel more pleasant and direct. For local residents, neighborhood greenways limit through traffic and at the same time they are direct paths to arterial streets.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">In the Netherlands, neighborhood greenways are referred to as cycle streets. These definitions are not rigid. Some neighborhood greenways in the Netherlands use more than one type of street configuration to complete a route. Part of a neighborhood greenway may incorporate roads with bike lanes or a solitary bike path. An important feature of a cycle street is the transition from one type of street configuration to another. To get a sense of the variety of different types of cycle streets in a given town or city in the Netherlands see Topic 1 about the frequency of different bike facilities.</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiGXDcjeU1DR3SwAt9vTwMWUCaZ44s1-rZEzzOYy8Kwzbv9kbqDjipW2-ZHnD3qH9PTuZpKa92LnNLMs7j6qC-EcTLdOhuC-2EzADPf2ePB8aMe1gogp8v-4nbIGHCGARjXt8fnjLO_EpmP/s1600/0.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="253" naa="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiGXDcjeU1DR3SwAt9vTwMWUCaZ44s1-rZEzzOYy8Kwzbv9kbqDjipW2-ZHnD3qH9PTuZpKa92LnNLMs7j6qC-EcTLdOhuC-2EzADPf2ePB8aMe1gogp8v-4nbIGHCGARjXt8fnjLO_EpmP/s400/0.JPG" width="400" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">With the purpose to improve and expand effective neighborhood greenways in the United States, we evaluated existing configurations and transition points of cycle streets found in the Den Haag region of the Netherlands. Our goal is to provide ideas for how to implement neighborhood greenways and greater connectivity between them in the United States.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Descriptions</span></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">A <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">neighborhood greenway</b> uses facilities such as traffic calming measures, way-finding signs, bike route markings, and convenient, direct paths to destinations. For motor vehicles, neighborhood greenways allow parking, calm traffic for residents, and at the same time is usually a direct path to feeder streets. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">According to the CROW Design Manual for Bicycle Traffic, the design manual used in the Netherlands, a <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">cycle street</b> is a high quality cycle connection, partly used by motorized vehicles. It is usually a main cycle route. They usually use <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">red bricks </b>for the street. The red is to designate the street as a cycle street and the brick serves as a traffic calming device. When the path is closed to vehicles, they often use (red or black) asphalt instead of bricks, as the traffic does not need to be calmed. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Curbs</b> are often used to separate bike traffic from car and pedestrian paths. Often, at intersections, the cycle track is raised to a higher level than the intersecting motor vehicle road. The <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">raised intersection</b> acts both as a traffic calming device and as a cue to vehicle drivers that there is a major change in traffic. In the neighborhood streets the Netherlands enforces a <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">speed limit of 30 km/h (18 mph)</b> while the streets that contain a separated cycle track have a <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">speed limit of at least 60 km/h (37 mph)</b> for the vehicles.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Other common cycle streets are <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">contraflow streets</b>, consisting of one-way motor vehicle traffic and two-way bike traffic. Some of these contraflow streets <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">change the direction of one-way car traffic every few blocks. </b>A<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"> chicane</b> street weaves or curves using curb extensions as a traffic-calming device.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>On-street parking can be integrated into this design. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">In addition, many cycle streets are <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">car-free</b>. Some of the common treatments of these bike only facilities incorporate <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">bollards</b> to restrict car traffic from a street or path.<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"></b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Mixed-use bridges and bike and pedestrian bridges</b> are also used in cycle street infrastructure. Although these are cost prohibitive, they allow cycle streets to connect neighborhoods that have major barriers such as freeways and railroads. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Bike-only underpasses</b> are also commonly used to connect cycle streets.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%;">Objectives</span></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Objectives of well-connected quality cycle streets are to:</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;">encourage more bike use. </span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;">be safer for vulnerable users and protect them from motor vehicles.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;">make it easier to find designated pathways.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;">use existing streets to keep costs low.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;">function as traffic calming devices in residential streets.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%;">Constraints</span></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Constraints to well-connected quality cycle streets in the United States are:</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;">right-of-way limitations compared to Europe.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;">lack of service streets that are commonly used as cycle streets in Europe. </span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;">the installation and maintenance costs of brick roads</span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/" name="_GoBack"></a><span style="font-family: Calibri;">.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%;">Observations</span></b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><ul><li><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Brick roads cause car drivers to drive slower.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Raised intersections cause the driver of the vehicle to realize they are entering a more vulnerable user’s space, e.g. cars entering a bike lane, or bikes entering a pedestrian path.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Curves along the road cause cars to slow down, and cyclists generally enjoy the change in scenery.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Calibri;">‘Shark Teeth’ located on the ground indicate that you do NOT have the right-of-way, these markings are easily adopted and understood</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Calibri;">A contraflow road works surprisingly well.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Calibri;">The transition between cycle tracks and neighborhood greenways can be done very seamlessly</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Calibri;">It feels amazing to be able to bike above the freeway, out of the way of the exhaust fumes.</span></li>
</ul></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -0.25in;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -0.25in;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Typical Applications</span></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Neighborhood greenways are based on simple ideas. Likewise, simple modifications can be done to create a network of effective neighborhood greenways. This simplicity allows relatively easy retrofits to many of our American style neighborhoods.</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Below are many examples of typical applications used in creating neighborhood greenways.</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.25in;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Problem: I want to allow our neighborhood street to be safe for biking.</span></span></b></div><ul><li><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black;">Solution:</span></b><span style="color: black;"> Make it a neighborhood greenway. This is the most basic of neighborhood greenways in the Netherlands, and is very similar to those being installed in Portland, OR. This greenway consists of car parking on both sides of the street and they can travel in both directions. Speed humps are installed throughout the greenway, while utilizing brick to slow cars.</span></span></div></li>
<li><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="color: black;"><strong>Transportation Tools Required:</strong></span><span style="color: black;"> Speed humps, red brick</span></span></div></li>
<li><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black;">Details:</span></b><span style="color: black;"> Speed limit = 30 km/h, road width = 6.5m</span></span></div></li>
<li><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black;">Cost:</span></b><span style="color: black;"> $</span></span></div></li>
<li><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.25in;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Google Map Link: </span></span></b><a href="http://maps.google.com/maps/ms?msid=200385597684100079709.0004a7d2de655a0032d32&msa=0&ll=52.085644,4.387268&spn=0.003837,0.009645"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: Calibri;">See Biker #1</span></b></a></div></li>
</ul><div style="text-align: center;"><iframe frameborder="0" height="350" marginheight="0" marginwidth="0" scrolling="no" src="http://maps.google.com/maps/ms?msid=200385597684100079709.0004a7d2de655a0032d32&msa=0&ie=UTF8&ll=52.085374,4.387665&spn=0.004615,0.00912&z=16&output=embed" width="425"></iframe></div><div style="text-align: center;"><small>View <a href="http://maps.google.com/maps/ms?msid=200385597684100079709.0004a7d2de655a0032d32&msa=0&ie=UTF8&ll=52.085374,4.387665&spn=0.004615,0.00912&z=16&source=embed" style="color: blue; text-align: left;">Netherlands Bicycle Infrastructure</a> in a larger map</small></div><br />
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<div style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgEpEvf4zuvDqxVNyZL1MmzGgDtS2yajiX0DIqTMQYmpL4xECyZnTSuXR_cQIBUxtZHdElHC8zXdWk0s4EsXLtVzo53hI4JxV65pRiHg7Z5bYgFwa5bOs8KvO0f0nAVjYmsFdY2nkzMCVGU/s1600/1.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="225" naa="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgEpEvf4zuvDqxVNyZL1MmzGgDtS2yajiX0DIqTMQYmpL4xECyZnTSuXR_cQIBUxtZHdElHC8zXdWk0s4EsXLtVzo53hI4JxV65pRiHg7Z5bYgFwa5bOs8KvO0f0nAVjYmsFdY2nkzMCVGU/s400/1.JPG" width="400" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"> </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Problem: Where do the neighborhood greenways go?</span></span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black;">Solution:</span></b><span style="color: black;"> Curves are not bad – they reduce your speed, and provide a visually appealing ride. Use curves to your advantage. Traffic on this neighborhood greenway has the ROW, and the signing and striping shows that. Also, vehicles have been restricted from using this path, therefore, there is no speed limit. In addition, an asphalt roadway (red or black) is acceptable as vehicles aren’t needed to be calmed.</span></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black;">Transportation Tools Required:</span></b><span style="color: black;"> ROW Striping, signing.</span></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black;">Details:</span></b><span style="color: black;"> Speed limit = N/A, road width = 5m</span></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black;">Cost:</span></b><span style="color: black;"> $ </span></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Google Map Link: </span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: Calibri;">See Biker #2</span></b></div><div style="text-align: center;"><iframe frameborder="0" height="350" marginheight="0" marginwidth="0" scrolling="no" src="http://maps.google.com/maps/ms?msid=200385597684100079709.0004a7d2de655a0032d32&msa=0&ie=UTF8&ll=52.002664,4.364576&spn=0.004623,0.00912&z=16&iwloc=0004a7e2a692622a9e449&output=embed" width="425"></iframe></div><div style="text-align: center;"><small>View <a href="http://maps.google.com/maps/ms?msid=200385597684100079709.0004a7d2de655a0032d32&msa=0&ie=UTF8&ll=52.002664,4.364576&spn=0.004623,0.00912&z=16&iwloc=0004a7e2a692622a9e449&source=embed" style="color: blue; text-align: left;">Netherlands Bicycle Infrastructure</a> in a larger map</small></div><br />
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEinb5gIoM8U64YHsKRSzq4S4S4NaVKEkXyApMxiW-1QZoORVJ3FiCLRbY-u8JPL382Y2TskWJ7RKvTQxQDSwZ2LtY0_8i_rxjMQP8S6-DOwsU8r7nvzskgVaQFPv9rGyD1SfaG_3EtdCgkg/s1600/2.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="277" naa="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEinb5gIoM8U64YHsKRSzq4S4S4NaVKEkXyApMxiW-1QZoORVJ3FiCLRbY-u8JPL382Y2TskWJ7RKvTQxQDSwZ2LtY0_8i_rxjMQP8S6-DOwsU8r7nvzskgVaQFPv9rGyD1SfaG_3EtdCgkg/s400/2.JPG" width="400" /></a> </span></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Problem: Our local neighborhood greenway intersects with a somewhat busy neighborhood road.</span></span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black;">Solution:</span></b><span style="color: black;"> Raise the intersection on all four approaches, and use bricks to slow the users down.</span></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black;">Transportation Tools Required:</span></b><span style="color: black;"> Striping (elevation change pattern), signing, material for the intersection, red bricks.</span></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black;">Details:</span></b><span style="color: black;"> Speed limit = 30 km/h, road width = 5.5m, table widths = 18m and 15m, width of elevation change striping = 2m</span></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black;">Cost:</span></b><span style="color: black;"> $</span></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Google Map Link: </span></span></b><a href="http://maps.google.com/maps/ms?msid=200385597684100079709.0004a7d2de655a0032d32&msa=0&ll=52.078135,4.366872&spn=0.007675,0.01929"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: Calibri;">See Biker #3</span></b></a><span style="color: black;"></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.25in;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/"></a><span id="goog_1983177198"></span><span id="goog_1983177199"></span></div><div style="text-align: center;">· <iframe frameborder="0" height="350" marginheight="0" marginwidth="0" scrolling="no" src="http://maps.google.com/maps/ms?msid=200385597684100079709.0004a7d2de655a0032d32&msa=0&ie=UTF8&ll=52.079598,4.367838&spn=0.004616,0.00912&z=16&iwloc=0004a7e2af8ac83443049&output=embed" width="425"></iframe></div><div style="text-align: center;"><small>View <a href="http://maps.google.com/maps/ms?msid=200385597684100079709.0004a7d2de655a0032d32&msa=0&ie=UTF8&ll=52.079598,4.367838&spn=0.004616,0.00912&z=16&iwloc=0004a7e2af8ac83443049&source=embed" style="color: blue; text-align: left;">Netherlands Bicycle Infrastructure</a> in a larger map</small></div><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgHgeWzj9FqCFjjJCVA7hhfovz50WIKXV8T4w7IfS97brwXS_8Xhw0ZXHl9RUeHslhFPs1nNLmjyR2hraVG8aPMY-HZHyB5sTMFt57JXi9L2ipwuCWg3UgaJatHNiWfG1Fr9Qtc_c-9lvj7/s1600/3.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="182" naa="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgHgeWzj9FqCFjjJCVA7hhfovz50WIKXV8T4w7IfS97brwXS_8Xhw0ZXHl9RUeHslhFPs1nNLmjyR2hraVG8aPMY-HZHyB5sTMFt57JXi9L2ipwuCWg3UgaJatHNiWfG1Fr9Qtc_c-9lvj7/s320/3.JPG" width="320" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br />
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black;">Problem: I have a straight or narrow road for my neighborhood greenway, how do I reduce the amount of cars that use this road.</span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black;">Solution:</span></b><span style="color: black;"> Make it a contraflow road (one direction for cars, both directions for bikes). Take note, that in this picture, they give notice 50 meters in advance. In this case, the road will turn into a one-way the direction that we are facing. Cars should not be coming from the opposite direction. Use a brick road to reduce the speed of the cars. (You can also switch to the opposite direction of flow every couple blocks to maximize their effect.)</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black;">Transportation Tools Required:</span></b><span style="color: black;"> ROW Striping, signing, red bricks.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black;">Details:</span></b><span style="color: black;"> Speed limit = 30 km/h</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black;">Cost:</span></b><span style="color: black;"> $</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black;">Google Map Link: </span></b><a href="http://maps.google.com/maps/ms?msid=200385597684100079709.0004a7d2de655a0032d32&msa=0&ll=52.007116,4.356637&spn=0.007687,0.01929"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: blue;">See Biker #4</span></b></a><span style="color: black;"></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: center; text-indent: -0.25in;">· <iframe frameborder="0" height="350" marginheight="0" marginwidth="0" scrolling="no" src="http://maps.google.com/maps/ms?msid=200385597684100079709.0004a7d2de655a0032d32&msa=0&ie=UTF8&ll=52.009863,4.355178&spn=0.004623,0.00912&z=16&iwloc=0004a7e2bbf196327842e&output=embed" width="425"></iframe></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: center; text-indent: -0.25in;"><small>View <a href="http://maps.google.com/maps/ms?msid=200385597684100079709.0004a7d2de655a0032d32&msa=0&ie=UTF8&ll=52.009863,4.355178&spn=0.004623,0.00912&z=16&iwloc=0004a7e2bbf196327842e&source=embed" style="color: blue; text-align: left;">Netherlands Bicycle Infrastructure</a> in a larger map</small></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.25in;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: center; text-indent: -0.25in;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgS7aa7_fAwAKaC0MSOSyK2UtnghrAg3kRRfm4A0n8YJPCtcnJz1m5u8YbFvwTiqBKkxxP_5JV5dXV__zzzOfMfWIbcoZiogas9n74rct3a7yPNVGy7G3oFNy8queRunaV-mLtHN_wapXBx/s1600/4.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="275" naa="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgS7aa7_fAwAKaC0MSOSyK2UtnghrAg3kRRfm4A0n8YJPCtcnJz1m5u8YbFvwTiqBKkxxP_5JV5dXV__zzzOfMfWIbcoZiogas9n74rct3a7yPNVGy7G3oFNy8queRunaV-mLtHN_wapXBx/s400/4.JPG" width="400" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: center; text-indent: -0.25in;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.25in;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black;">Problem: Our long and straight local street has cars speeding by.</span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black;">Solution:</span></b><span style="color: black;"> Create a natural chicane for the road through the use of alternating parking along a street. Cars will be forced to slow down. Use bricks to slow cars down even more.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black;">Transportation Tools Required:</span></b><span style="color: black;"> Parking stall striping, curb extensions, red bricks.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black;">Details:</span></b><span style="color: black;"> Speed limit = 30 km/h, road width = 4m</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black;">Cost:</span></b><span style="color: black;"> $</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.25in;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black;">Google Map Link: </span></b><a href="http://maps.google.com/maps/ms?msid=200385597684100079709.0004a7d2de655a0032d32&msa=0&ll=52.071923,4.36213&spn=0.003515,0.009645"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: blue;">See Biker #5</span></b></a><span style="color: black;"></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.25in;"></div><div style="text-align: center;">· <iframe frameborder="0" height="350" marginheight="0" marginwidth="0" scrolling="no" src="http://maps.google.com/maps/ms?msid=200385597684100079709.0004a7d2de655a0032d32&msa=0&ie=UTF8&ll=52.07311,4.362817&spn=0.004616,0.00912&z=16&iwloc=0004a7e4c47c4ff009281&output=embed" width="425"></iframe></div><div style="text-align: center;"><small>View <a href="http://maps.google.com/maps/ms?msid=200385597684100079709.0004a7d2de655a0032d32&msa=0&ie=UTF8&ll=52.07311,4.362817&spn=0.004616,0.00912&z=16&iwloc=0004a7e4c47c4ff009281&source=embed" style="color: blue; text-align: left;">Netherlands Bicycle Infrastructure</a> in a larger map</small></div><br />
<div style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgIJVqsyLeWSM7nhUhXtSuvH4yhhm3gaMxZzy7Uq8uTjnLV5JsTVqCkVg-9GDHaaIAkSiPtNv7h3oBNlEXYlMHsAoAMmmLJBL0pP7lwgt1Bpjs7ra6lS9d4at6tW56rC2p5xBKO184jWvs_/s1600/5.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="183" naa="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgIJVqsyLeWSM7nhUhXtSuvH4yhhm3gaMxZzy7Uq8uTjnLV5JsTVqCkVg-9GDHaaIAkSiPtNv7h3oBNlEXYlMHsAoAMmmLJBL0pP7lwgt1Bpjs7ra6lS9d4at6tW56rC2p5xBKO184jWvs_/s400/5.JPG" width="400" /></a></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.25in;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black;">Problem: Two-way car traffic around a corner does not allow for bike lanes.</span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.25in;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.25in;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black;">Solution:</span></b><span style="color: black;"> Make it a contraflow road (one direction for cars, both directions for bikes). Combine with a brick road to reduce the speed of the cars.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black;">Transportation Tools Required:</span></b><span style="color: black;"> Striping (bike lane, cross walk, speed limit, car direction), signing, red bricks.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black;">Details:</span></b><span style="color: black;"> Speed limit = 30 km/h</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black;">Cost:</span></b><span style="color: black;"> $</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black;">Google Map Link: </span></b><a href="http://maps.google.com/maps/ms?msid=200385597684100079709.0004a7d2de655a0032d32&msa=0&ll=52.000709,4.359663&spn=0.007688,0.01929"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: blue;">See Biker #6</span></b></a></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: center; text-indent: -0.25in;">· <iframe frameborder="0" height="350" marginheight="0" marginwidth="0" scrolling="no" src="http://maps.google.com/maps/ms?msid=200385597684100079709.0004a7d2de655a0032d32&msa=0&ie=UTF8&ll=52.001845,4.360306&spn=0.004624,0.00912&z=16&iwloc=0004a7e2ea75885b95df3&output=embed" width="425"></iframe></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: center; text-indent: -0.25in;"><small>View <a href="http://maps.google.com/maps/ms?msid=200385597684100079709.0004a7d2de655a0032d32&msa=0&ie=UTF8&ll=52.001845,4.360306&spn=0.004624,0.00912&z=16&iwloc=0004a7e2ea75885b95df3&source=embed" style="color: blue; text-align: left;">Netherlands Bicycle Infrastructure</a> in a larger map</small></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.25in;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.25in;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: center; text-indent: -0.25in;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi6QpdV36Flo-TRZc_IffBSWOjP22WthopiN95qvpdFKxxr69VVk-EcbgGKfVE05Z0ToBMLLFM7gabN0atMpyMYg6yGn-Jgpq_hcdv4yZpWweFOFW8t8vGkip-5sqWtyBnAdJ240s-oRwMV/s1600/6.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="342" naa="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi6QpdV36Flo-TRZc_IffBSWOjP22WthopiN95qvpdFKxxr69VVk-EcbgGKfVE05Z0ToBMLLFM7gabN0atMpyMYg6yGn-Jgpq_hcdv4yZpWweFOFW8t8vGkip-5sqWtyBnAdJ240s-oRwMV/s400/6.JPG" width="400" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black;">Problem: How do I eliminate cars from using the neighborhood greenway?</span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black;">Solution:</span></b><span style="color: black;"> Tell cars they are not allowed, and put bollards in the road. The brick road, in addition to the curve, prevents cars from slamming into the bollard at a high speed by accident. Beyond the bollard where cars cannot enter the road turns into asphalt, which can be either red or black.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black;">Transportation Tools Required:</span></b><span style="color: black;"> Signing, bollards.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black;">Details:</span></b><span style="color: black;"> Speed limit = N/A on path and 30 km/h on vehicular road, road width = 4m</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black;">Example Intersection Description:</span></b><span style="color: black;"> Vehicles have access to the road on the right, and only pedestrians, bikes, and scooters have access to the road on the left.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black;">Cost:</span></b><span style="color: black;"> $</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black;">Google Map Link:</span></b><span style="color: black;"> </span><a href="http://maps.google.com/maps/ms?msid=200385597684100079709.0004a7d2de655a0032d32&msa=0&ll=52.001079,4.363117&spn=0.007688,0.01929"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: blue;">See Biker #7</span></b></a></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: center; text-indent: -0.25in;"><iframe frameborder="0" height="350" marginheight="0" marginwidth="0" scrolling="no" src="http://maps.google.com/maps/ms?msid=200385597684100079709.0004a7d2de655a0032d32&msa=0&ie=UTF8&ll=52.002849,4.366186&spn=0.004623,0.00912&z=16&iwloc=0004a7e2ea75d244fce06&output=embed" width="425"></iframe></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: center; text-indent: -0.25in;"><small>View <a href="http://maps.google.com/maps/ms?msid=200385597684100079709.0004a7d2de655a0032d32&msa=0&ie=UTF8&ll=52.002849,4.366186&spn=0.004623,0.00912&z=16&iwloc=0004a7e2ea75d244fce06&source=embed" style="color: blue; text-align: left;">Netherlands Bicycle Infrastructure</a> in a larger map</small></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.25in;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: center; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEilE7lYQGc3gUfT3VRdKCs-ILYet7HrNd9_8tiTq-1il4WoQ1ofyKpbcio3pvTFkYYoVDkL_ah4KCjjgAIvuSyiBj44cg7ooHb-BoA96r31jALRIUioZb5hWY4zV15X6M_7DNtBl137uyI6/s1600/7.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="276" naa="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEilE7lYQGc3gUfT3VRdKCs-ILYet7HrNd9_8tiTq-1il4WoQ1ofyKpbcio3pvTFkYYoVDkL_ah4KCjjgAIvuSyiBj44cg7ooHb-BoA96r31jALRIUioZb5hWY4zV15X6M_7DNtBl137uyI6/s400/7.JPG" width="400" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black;">Problem: A crucial connector road for bikes, but not that necessary for cars, is too narrow to put bike lanes or cycle tracks on.</span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black;">Solution:</span></b><span style="color: black;"> Restrict use to only bikes, scooters, and pedestrians. Place bollards in the ground to enforce the rule. Raise the intersection approach and make the vehicle roadway brick so that all users slow down at this unique intersection. This off-street connector can be red asphalt, to save on costs compared to brick.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black;">Transportation Tools Required:</span></b><span style="color: black;"> Crosswalk striping, signing, bricks, bollards, and intersection redesign.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black;">Details:</span></b><span style="color: black;"> Speed limit = N/A on path and 30 km/h on vehicular road, road width = 4m</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black;">Example Intersection Description:</span></b><span style="color: black;"> Vehicles have access to the road segment that is on the near side of the bollards, and only pedestrians, bikes, and scooters have access to the road on the bridge and beyond.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black;">Cost:</span></b><span style="color: black;"> $</span><br />
<span style="color: black; font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black;">Google Map Link: </span></b><a href="http://maps.google.com/maps/ms?msid=200385597684100079709.0004a7d2de655a0032d32&msa=0&ll=52.001317,4.363654&spn=0.003521,0.009645"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: blue;">See Biker #8</span></b></a><span style="color: black;"></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.25in;"><div style="text-align: center;">· <iframe frameborder="0" height="350" marginheight="0" marginwidth="0" scrolling="no" src="http://maps.google.com/maps/ms?msid=200385597684100079709.0004a7d2de655a0032d32&msa=0&ie=UTF8&ll=52.002479,4.363589&spn=0.004623,0.00912&z=16&iwloc=0004a7e4fb268399c1178&output=embed" width="425"></iframe></div><div style="text-align: center;"><small>View <a href="http://maps.google.com/maps/ms?msid=200385597684100079709.0004a7d2de655a0032d32&msa=0&ie=UTF8&ll=52.002479,4.363589&spn=0.004623,0.00912&z=16&iwloc=0004a7e4fb268399c1178&source=embed" style="color: blue; text-align: left;">Netherlands Bicycle Infrastructure</a> in a larger map</small></div><br />
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</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: center; text-indent: -0.25in;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhanVLX9OMnKfqR9FtyxEtySqmrW5aKK9EcnAuTSwEcLpF2jlNPZD07my9chVaaHxjdyFV6DiVmIYNr9hMFhbleDbZO36P0POlwpu6exQYhf1XZE0CGTjW6iy63YiwpSDqmHJ41SgIt-t2y/s1600/8.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="246" naa="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhanVLX9OMnKfqR9FtyxEtySqmrW5aKK9EcnAuTSwEcLpF2jlNPZD07my9chVaaHxjdyFV6DiVmIYNr9hMFhbleDbZO36P0POlwpu6exQYhf1XZE0CGTjW6iy63YiwpSDqmHJ41SgIt-t2y/s400/8.JPG" width="400" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black;">Problem: There is a major destination just over there – however, there is only a footpath to get there.</span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black;">Solution:</span></b><span style="color: black;"> Make an off-street connector route; cars are restricted from using this.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black;">Transportation Tools Required:</span></b><span style="color: black;"> ROW striping and dashes (to indicate 2 directions), signing, bollards, bricks at the intersection, and can use red asphalt along the path.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black;">Details:</span></b><span style="color: black;"> Speed limit = N/A on path and 30 km/h on vehicular road, road width = 4m</span><br />
<span style="color: black; font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black;">Example Intersection Description:</span></b><span style="color: black;"> Vehicles have access to the road segment that is on the near side of the bollards (main road goes around the corner), and only pedestrians, bikes, and scooters have access to the road on the path and beyond.</span><br />
<span style="color: black; font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black;">Cost:</span></b><span style="color: black;"> $$</span><br />
<span style="color: black; font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black;">Google Map Link: </span></b><a href="http://maps.google.com/maps/ms?msid=200385597684100079709.0004a7d2de655a0032d32&msa=0&ll=52.001521,4.356278&spn=0.001777,0.004823"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: blue;">See Biker #9</span></b></a><span style="color: black;"></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><iframe frameborder="0" height="350" marginheight="0" marginwidth="0" scrolling="no" src="http://maps.google.com/maps/ms?msid=200385597684100079709.0004a7d2de655a0032d32&msa=0&ie=UTF8&ll=52.002625,4.356465&spn=0.004623,0.00912&z=16&iwloc=0004a7e501fde0b127a0f&output=embed" width="425"></iframe></div><div style="text-align: center;"><small>View <a href="http://maps.google.com/maps/ms?msid=200385597684100079709.0004a7d2de655a0032d32&msa=0&ie=UTF8&ll=52.002625,4.356465&spn=0.004623,0.00912&z=16&iwloc=0004a7e501fde0b127a0f&source=embed" style="color: blue; text-align: left;">Netherlands Bicycle Infrastructure</a> in a larger map</small></div><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj_f_AIqbjexup9EITpliOo8VDZ2Lt5_fhEai2g2r9AiSRd2vGL_foDir36z1obyeubRylL2nXgzaVyJtLVk3b-GExsBdXDCPiq-ZuJH5gJHqMX-aavR6jTBlrbXNn8_VzNGaSY14Ouf_JV/s1600/9.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="245" naa="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj_f_AIqbjexup9EITpliOo8VDZ2Lt5_fhEai2g2r9AiSRd2vGL_foDir36z1obyeubRylL2nXgzaVyJtLVk3b-GExsBdXDCPiq-ZuJH5gJHqMX-aavR6jTBlrbXNn8_VzNGaSY14Ouf_JV/s320/9.JPG" width="320" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black;">Problem: Our bike path reaches an intersection and there is no more space/money left for it to continue.</span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black;">Solution:</span></b><span style="color: black;"> Carry the bike path (or cycle track in this case) safely through the intersection, and on the other side, allow the cycle track to transition into a neighborhood greenway. In the photo above, the cycle track juts off diagonally to the right (after going across the intersection), onto a neighborhood roadway.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black;">Transportation Tools Required:</span></b><span style="color: black;"> Intersection reconfiguration, bike crossing striping, bike signal, median refuge, red or black asphalt/brick.</span><br />
<span style="color: black; font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black;">Details:</span></b><span style="color: black;"> Speed limit = N/A on path and at least 60 km/h on separated vehicular road, cycle track width = 2.5m, bike intersection width = 2.25m.</span><br />
<span style="color: black; font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black;">Cost:</span></b><span style="color: black;"> $$ (However, it is a cheaper alternative when compared to a cycle track the entire length.)</span><br />
<span style="color: black; font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black;">Google Map Link: </span></b><a href="http://maps.google.com/maps/ms?msid=200385597684100079709.0004a7d2de655a0032d32&msa=0&ll=52.078543,4.366143&spn=0.007675,0.01929"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: blue;">See Biker #10</span></b></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><iframe frameborder="0" height="350" marginheight="0" marginwidth="0" scrolling="no" src="http://maps.google.com/maps/ms?msid=200385597684100079709.0004a7d2de655a0032d32&msa=0&ie=UTF8&ll=52.080403,4.369619&spn=0.004615,0.00912&z=16&iwloc=0004a7e303826d6dcbace&output=embed" width="425"></iframe></div><div style="text-align: center;"><small>View <a href="http://maps.google.com/maps/ms?msid=200385597684100079709.0004a7d2de655a0032d32&msa=0&ie=UTF8&ll=52.080403,4.369619&spn=0.004615,0.00912&z=16&iwloc=0004a7e303826d6dcbace&source=embed" style="color: blue; text-align: left;">Netherlands Bicycle Infrastructure</a> in a larger map</small></div><div style="text-align: center;"><small></small></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.25in;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: center; text-indent: -0.25in;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj7ofFuVd3ynynlWqzOlzVxXoNXTKOrLIdJZkqEcZ9pJ3-XQvidQRNC4MtPqQCfqPdgRh7OxTggvKY0OzwwEUz1pgv7rMuQIQBq52vAPA5fg6LCr5A6DZ_pGLOBxq9ohAmbhHSXp9H0f6Gz/s1600/10.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="257" naa="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj7ofFuVd3ynynlWqzOlzVxXoNXTKOrLIdJZkqEcZ9pJ3-XQvidQRNC4MtPqQCfqPdgRh7OxTggvKY0OzwwEUz1pgv7rMuQIQBq52vAPA5fg6LCr5A6DZ_pGLOBxq9ohAmbhHSXp9H0f6Gz/s400/10.JPG" width="400" /></a> </div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Problem: We have a major freeway to cross, and the bike network would be completed in this area if we made the connection.</span></span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></div><ul><li><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black;">Solution:</span></b><span style="color: black;"> Combine bikes with rail to create one bridge, with a divider between them. The divider also behaves as a wind screen.</span></span></div></li>
<li><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black;">Transportation Tools Required:</span></b><span style="color: black;"> Everything bridge related – including lighting. In addition, red asphalt pavement, bridge barrier striping and dashes (to indicate 2 directions). Intersections at either end will need to treat this as a cycle track.</span></span></div></li>
<li><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black;">Details: </span></b><span style="color: black;">Speed limit = N/A, path width = 3.5m</span></span></div></li>
<li><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black;">Cost:</span></b><span style="color: black;"> $$$</span></span></div></li>
<li><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Google Map Link: </span></span></b><a href="http://maps.google.com/maps/ms?msid=200385597684100079709.0004a7d2de655a0032d32&msa=0&ll=52.075299,4.395754&spn=0.003838,0.009645"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: Calibri;">See Biker #11 and 12</span></b></a><span style="color: black;"></span></div></li>
</ul><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: center; text-indent: -0.25in;"><iframe frameborder="0" height="350" marginheight="0" marginwidth="0" scrolling="no" src="http://maps.google.com/maps/ms?msid=200385597684100079709.0004a7d2de655a0032d32&msa=0&ie=UTF8&ll=52.076526,4.395347&spn=0.004616,0.00912&z=16&iwloc=0004a7e30e3ea23d28762&output=embed" width="425"></iframe></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: center; text-indent: -0.25in;"><small>View <a href="http://maps.google.com/maps/ms?msid=200385597684100079709.0004a7d2de655a0032d32&msa=0&ie=UTF8&ll=52.076526,4.395347&spn=0.004616,0.00912&z=16&iwloc=0004a7e30e3ea23d28762&source=embed" style="color: blue; text-align: left;">Netherlands Bicycle Infrastructure</a> in a larger map</small></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: center; text-indent: -0.25in;"><br />
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</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEibAzd44niZV_79a5SaQX15nBIUOspxNwO-lj_rq4peIlw9R1CELi3X0q9nxeviU7crQUVZ_dxaQWrflqaiMzvBelpWn2nlD-iuuJUhku5sgkn7lc6zyb2WXohEXmWjeO2urPW8WX4EO5bB/s1600/12.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="267" naa="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEibAzd44niZV_79a5SaQX15nBIUOspxNwO-lj_rq4peIlw9R1CELi3X0q9nxeviU7crQUVZ_dxaQWrflqaiMzvBelpWn2nlD-iuuJUhku5sgkn7lc6zyb2WXohEXmWjeO2urPW8WX4EO5bB/s400/12.JPG" width="400" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Problem: We don’t have a rail bridge to combine with the bike bridge.</span></span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black;">Solution:</span></b><span style="color: black;"> Make your own bridge for bikes. Yes, it is an expensive bike path, but the material required is a fraction of the price compared to a freeway bridge. Critical connections will be heavily utilized.</span></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black;">Transportation Tools Required:</span></b><span style="color: black;"> Everything bridge related – including lighting. In addition, red asphalt pavement, bridge barrier striping and dashes (to indicate 2 directions). Intersections at either end will need to treat this as a cycle track.</span></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black;">Details:</span></b><span style="color: black;"> Speed limit = N/A, path width = 3m</span></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black;">Cost:</span></b><span style="color: black;"> $$$</span></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Google Map Link: </span></span></b><a href="http://maps.google.com/maps/ms?msid=200385597684100079709.0004a7d2de655a0032d32&msa=0&ll=52.06759,4.384875&spn=0.003838,0.009645"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: Calibri;">See Biker #13, 14, and 15</span></b></a><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br />
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</div><div style="text-align: center;"><iframe frameborder="0" height="350" marginheight="0" marginwidth="0" scrolling="no" src="http://maps.google.com/maps/ms?msid=200385597684100079709.0004a7d2de655a0032d32&msa=0&ie=UTF8&ll=52.067267,4.386699&spn=0.004617,0.00912&z=16&iwloc=0004a7e311d67d70b9daa&output=embed" width="425"></iframe></div><div style="text-align: center;"><small>View <a href="http://maps.google.com/maps/ms?msid=200385597684100079709.0004a7d2de655a0032d32&msa=0&ie=UTF8&ll=52.067267,4.386699&spn=0.004617,0.00912&z=16&iwloc=0004a7e311d67d70b9daa&source=embed" style="color: blue; text-align: left;">Netherlands Bicycle Infrastructure</a> in a larger map</small></div><div style="text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg7d96tZefFwOY4ZA-LiHFxsnGSEglFk-dx3X9GX0wqfhUOzHzv-1tCD3E69zya34sbfn2yOtEWc8klcIu0Z0IGm8lhVur7vhYYlOqmDI4PcB0kJeDX-KhELdZx0Rz-ciIOmqu6Q3p2JEG-/s1600/14.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="257" naa="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg7d96tZefFwOY4ZA-LiHFxsnGSEglFk-dx3X9GX0wqfhUOzHzv-1tCD3E69zya34sbfn2yOtEWc8klcIu0Z0IGm8lhVur7vhYYlOqmDI4PcB0kJeDX-KhELdZx0Rz-ciIOmqu6Q3p2JEG-/s400/14.JPG" width="400" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgr8ROt4esGSSn5Qbitwwy8vFlL9rswRaXENCj4iflA6b7DtIjJdv98utW3sgd5-vzZNzsFRircYqHTRqiY_cC3wumINy-BaiZBgdJKiNLMDJjURqOtKFLylvDa9sei_6UjbFHXMWvWs3cQ/s1600/13.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="337" naa="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgr8ROt4esGSSn5Qbitwwy8vFlL9rswRaXENCj4iflA6b7DtIjJdv98utW3sgd5-vzZNzsFRircYqHTRqiY_cC3wumINy-BaiZBgdJKiNLMDJjURqOtKFLylvDa9sei_6UjbFHXMWvWs3cQ/s400/13.JPG" width="400" /></a></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg7d96tZefFwOY4ZA-LiHFxsnGSEglFk-dx3X9GX0wqfhUOzHzv-1tCD3E69zya34sbfn2yOtEWc8klcIu0Z0IGm8lhVur7vhYYlOqmDI4PcB0kJeDX-KhELdZx0Rz-ciIOmqu6Q3p2JEG-/s1600/14.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="257" naa="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg7d96tZefFwOY4ZA-LiHFxsnGSEglFk-dx3X9GX0wqfhUOzHzv-1tCD3E69zya34sbfn2yOtEWc8klcIu0Z0IGm8lhVur7vhYYlOqmDI4PcB0kJeDX-KhELdZx0Rz-ciIOmqu6Q3p2JEG-/s400/14.JPG" width="400" /></a></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><br />
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</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Resources: CROW Manual, AASHTO Bicycle Design Guide</span></div>Pamela Johnsonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02537346850561288842noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5692926128201624742.post-84791217641566248492011-07-27T20:28:00.000-07:002011-07-28T14:50:02.372-07:00Houten<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Introduction</span></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Houten is a suburb of the City of Utrecht located in the Netherlands. They specifically designed the suburb to be extremely bicycle friendly and family friendly. To accomplish this, they created their community within a ‘ring road’, where you can access any development with a car. However, the catch is that you need to travel via the ring road if you want to get anyplace outside of your neighborhood using your car. This strategic placement of roads has significantly affected the way the residents in this suburb get around.</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj1qIK5jO6p4exTahCIuFL93Rehcrl5kOjc-8cp8VX7IvmKcv55FOUQY7_bRDhEpsNMc0QND0zKbXNJvEJe4Xtm1EIIGyU54sU7Omr4xf2rQBH678uaP3yYggdKxxucn84CmptuXrQsB2N6/s1600/Picture+1.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="296" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj1qIK5jO6p4exTahCIuFL93Rehcrl5kOjc-8cp8VX7IvmKcv55FOUQY7_bRDhEpsNMc0QND0zKbXNJvEJe4Xtm1EIIGyU54sU7Omr4xf2rQBH678uaP3yYggdKxxucn84CmptuXrQsB2N6/s400/Picture+1.png" t$="true" width="400" /></a></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><br />
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</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">You can see the ring road in the picture above as the white line making a figure eight around the city. The main bicycle streets are shown in red/pink/orange. This encompassing network has allowed many of the residents to ride their bicycle around as their main means of transportation for their short trips.</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhvhnXut8iQgZ4K5XVb71-BV6Mf6RJqoCO7rx6LSOlkrD45fnR0jY_Y9n4YC4CM6eTMAAwQnz-dLnDvaVBkW3Z72Xx9peNzyeFp4kMtrV10o4CZXgS-INU3DVlGYZD7EkO0tJTsozJN7LRY/s1600/Picture+2.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhvhnXut8iQgZ4K5XVb71-BV6Mf6RJqoCO7rx6LSOlkrD45fnR0jY_Y9n4YC4CM6eTMAAwQnz-dLnDvaVBkW3Z72Xx9peNzyeFp4kMtrV10o4CZXgS-INU3DVlGYZD7EkO0tJTsozJN7LRY/s400/Picture+2.JPG" t$="true" width="400" /></a></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Supply</span></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">As Houten is about 13 km (8 miles) from the City of Utrecht, the trip between Houten and Utrecht is 8 minutes by train (City Council of Houten), 22 minutes by car (maps.google.com), and approximately 29 minutes by bike (maps.google.com). Houten is also centrally located within the country, being 50 km (31 miles) from Amsterdam, 65 km (40 miles) from Rotterdam, and 75 km (47 miles) from Den Haag by car (maps.google.com).</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">The city center of Houten has services such as a town-hall, police station, library, shops, and supermarkets (Trafficstructure_Houghton.pdf). Also, many services such as doctors and banks are located within the town. Another distinguishing feature of Houten is the layout of schools within the community. The maximum distance students travel to elementary school is 300 m (1,000 feet). There is one secondary school in the middle of Houten and a new school is being built along the ring (Tiemans).</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Outside of Houten, Utrecht is a major destination for jobs and cultural activities. Being centrally located within the Netherlands, Houten especially attracts those families that consist of two working adults that also happen to work in two different cities (Furth).</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Work and Errands</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">The design of the community suggests that it is possible to live, work, and play all within a short bike ride away. Surveys have shown that roughly one third of Houten’s residents who work or study live within 10 km (6 miles) of their commute destination. Another third commute 10 to 19 km (6-12 miles) and the remaining 36% commute more than 20 km (12 miles). Houten residents that commute to their place of work or study by car is 56%, by bike is 42%, and by public transit is 22% (Foletta). These numbers add up to more than 100%, as some residents combine multiple modes of transportation for their trips. For example, 62% of train users arrive to the station by bike, utilizing the 3,100 bicycle parking spaces that are a main feature of Houten’s central station.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">For shopping, 18% of residents live within 500 meters (1,600 feet) of their grocery store, 33% between 500 m and 1 km (1,600 feet – 3,300 feet), 21% between 1 and 2 km (3,300 feet – 1.2 miles), and 18% between 2 and 4 kilometers (1.2 – 2.5 miles). Trips to the grocery store by residents consist of 45% by car and 41% by bike (Folletta). Bikes are used almost 70% of the time for service destinations in Houten, such as banks and doctor visits. Additionally, over 70% of the time residents use their bike for visiting friends and family (Folletta). </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Demand</span></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">A key distinguishing feature of the community are the bicycle highways. Since the City of Houten was built with these bike highways going into downtown and to every local neighborhood, it would be expected that the use of the bike network is greater than in other suburbs in the Netherlands. </span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">With many trips being made by bike, combined with the design of the city’s roads, there is a much higher level of bike safety in Houten due to its unique design. There are only 1.45 injuries per thousand people per year versus 2.87 injuries per thousand people per year in Utrecht. There has only been one transportation fatality within the ring road in 30 years. The Netherland’s </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">national fatality rate for 2010 was 3.88 per 100,000 people (</span></span><a href="http://www.dutchdailynews.com/dutch-traffic-fatalities/"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: Calibri;">Dutch Daily News</span></span></a><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">).</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">The previously referenced survey discusses the demand on the transportation network by gathering data for distances traveled, number of trips taken per week, ownership of vehicles, and money spent on different modes of transit. Overall, each resident of Houten travels 250 kilometers (155 miles) per week. </span></div></div><span style="font-family: Calibri;"></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><strong></strong></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgcK8h3MTBatGcS5j2LN9ouhzKi5L0ksFEm5v05-vkQ1NuVpmoLRIgF0pi8kOcr57NruuSOt917VLjG_5vZMBo1IU-y_LKht4f41_IL_t7PIfPb62F8HcbOPyNGKPR6bhl-PEiiBudw6B2c/s1600/Picture+3.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="250" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgcK8h3MTBatGcS5j2LN9ouhzKi5L0ksFEm5v05-vkQ1NuVpmoLRIgF0pi8kOcr57NruuSOt917VLjG_5vZMBo1IU-y_LKht4f41_IL_t7PIfPb62F8HcbOPyNGKPR6bhl-PEiiBudw6B2c/s400/Picture+3.png" t$="true" width="400" /></a></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">On average, this is divided up per person per week as follows: 141.5 km (88 miles) by car, 27.8 km (17 miles) by bike, 8.6 km (5 miles) on foot, and 72.1 km (45 miles) by transit.</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Car trips usually make up the longer trips, while daily trips in town are mainly made by bike. The transit in Houten consists of buses running along the ring road, and train stops at two stations: Castellum Station in the newer southern end of town and Central Station in the center of town. The train into Utrecht only takes 8 minutes from Central Station, so a person working in Utrecht 5 days a week would easily accumulate the average weekly amount of mileage by train, and would likely account for another member of the family that does not utilize transit.</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Average distances per trip covered by each mode are 36 km (22 miles) by car, 5.7 km (3.5 miles) by bike, and 1.8 km (1 mile) on foot. These numbers reflect that residents adjust their mode of transit based on the length of trip they are taking. For very short distances, it is easiest to walk, as getting out a bike and then parking it a few blocks later would take a similar amount of time. For medium distance trips, it is easiest to bike because the bike network in Houten always provides a mostly direct path to go anywhere in the city. For long trips outside of town, it is easiest to take a car or train, as it would take too long to get there by bike. The average trip distance survey did not include public transit.</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">There are 1.39 cars per household in Houten. Of the households surveyed, 6% have no cars, 58% have one car, 30% have two cars, 6% have three cars, 8% have motorcycles, and 7% have mopeds or scooters. The relatively high number of cars could be due to the fact that Houten residents have a high relative income and many couples move to Houten to be in the middle of their two places of employment. Only 2% of the population does not own a bicycle.</span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><br />
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj9ZmbbZe5ew155oWqvHaZaMCNlUQotZA7IIdsNmD23zNscS8tBdEnMhAYyNNb7u6h15Bp2912McWmHOxhLJvlWRRqya3zrzGYaAe8p_Xh3-GiY-AGeA_qiMBkozI7jRWoRjxaJnEQmMjkQ/s1600/Picture+4.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="263" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj9ZmbbZe5ew155oWqvHaZaMCNlUQotZA7IIdsNmD23zNscS8tBdEnMhAYyNNb7u6h15Bp2912McWmHOxhLJvlWRRqya3zrzGYaAe8p_Xh3-GiY-AGeA_qiMBkozI7jRWoRjxaJnEQmMjkQ/s400/Picture+4.JPG" t$="true" width="400" /></a></div><br />
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">On average, each household spends €55.2 per week on gas and €16.7 per week on public transit. Compared to the neighboring suburb of Veldhuizen, 17% fewer Houten residents traveled to work by car and 16% more Houten residents commute to work by bike.</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">The carbon footprint of Houten residents is undoubtedly lower than average because they walk and bike extensively for short and medium trips, while they use their car mainly for longer distances on the highways – allowing their emissions to be lower than stop-and-go city driving.</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Differences in Mode Choice</span></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">The following images provide 4 separate comparisons between mode choices, in order to get from Point A to Point B, in and around Houten. These comparisons consist of the distance and time required, as well as the costs or money ‘gained’, for each scenario.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">To determine the costs or money ‘gained’, we assumed a fuel economy of 43 mpg for the vehicles while fuel itself cost <span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">$</span>9.52 per gallon (</span><a href="http://www.aaireland.ie/AA/Motoring-advice/Petrol-Prices.aspx"><span style="color: blue; font-family: Calibri;">AA Ireland</span></a><span style="font-family: Calibri;">). Furthermore, the City of Houten has determined that every kilometer traveled by car costs the city <span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">€</span>0.10, while every kilometer traveled by bike gains <span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">€</span>0.12 (presentation by Hans Voerknecht). Using this information, we are able to provide you with the financial comparisons for each case.</span></div><br />
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Comparison #1: Travel from the inner portion of Houten, where denser housing is found, to your favorite local shop in the town center. First use a car to get there, then, try it out by bike.</span></b></div></div><span style="color: black; font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjCRs3vqQeJxVMKpU_ozbSrD5D2BAbUivRTtLy06qAd59t0vAw4-hS1FaJdAVE5M55PDmyQJ1e5cA2jRCMhF8-wKQtwco6Imjxmgb50rAbw83ovGo_2OK2qeHDMubeUMbZEARF9IJYvHj_2/s1600/Picture+5.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="218" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjCRs3vqQeJxVMKpU_ozbSrD5D2BAbUivRTtLy06qAd59t0vAw4-hS1FaJdAVE5M55PDmyQJ1e5cA2jRCMhF8-wKQtwco6Imjxmgb50rAbw83ovGo_2OK2qeHDMubeUMbZEARF9IJYvHj_2/s400/Picture+5.png" t$="true" width="400" /></a> </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">By Car</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Time/Distance: 13 minutes – 6.4 km / 4.0 miles (assuming no congestion)</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Cost: <span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">€</span>1.25 / $1.80 (<span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">€0.64 for wear and tear and €0.61 for fuel.)</span></span></div><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><br />
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg1EkctZZ83XTnmakvFXvodwCXHyi92qFWzsyJfYyAp_HWGq8lpZKIDZiIevGrW_u6gFUSCXRrTngxOcIy89zxihSc83AaTWXO58dlE-t6DQCfrB_0ASOn6Onod11TDjW1B1PcDzwgUFV1U/s1600/Picture+6.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="238" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg1EkctZZ83XTnmakvFXvodwCXHyi92qFWzsyJfYyAp_HWGq8lpZKIDZiIevGrW_u6gFUSCXRrTngxOcIy89zxihSc83AaTWXO58dlE-t6DQCfrB_0ASOn6Onod11TDjW1B1PcDzwgUFV1U/s400/Picture+6.png" t$="true" width="400" /></a></div><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">By Bike</span></b><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Time/Distance: 3 minutes – 650 m / 2,100 ft</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Money ‘Gained’: <span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">€</span>0.08 / $0.12</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Comparison #2: Travel from your neighborhood within Houten to a friend’s neighborhood halfway across town. First use a car to get there, then, try it out by bike.</span></b></div><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiKuzK61Y92JvKyCj_VKXyWN7GNIUxcOujdoMiwIYgmDrQ0X5VZJoPoh_JmwZQskJNqhnezrCY185xeif6ByMyF3Qonm9flf_ZtpQZnmsZUk99aiXeA6L3xr82B-2N4CalKBERmG7DAnbcZ/s1600/Picture+7.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="330" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiKuzK61Y92JvKyCj_VKXyWN7GNIUxcOujdoMiwIYgmDrQ0X5VZJoPoh_JmwZQskJNqhnezrCY185xeif6ByMyF3Qonm9flf_ZtpQZnmsZUk99aiXeA6L3xr82B-2N4CalKBERmG7DAnbcZ/s400/Picture+7.png" t$="true" width="400" /></a></div><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">By Car</span></b><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Time/Distance: 11 minutes – 4.1 km / 2.5 miles (assuming no congestion)</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Cost: <span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">€</span>0.96 / $1.38 (<span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">€0.41 for wear and tear and €0.55 for fuel.)</span></span></div><br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjI_h4M91aklTPVdVVsifUWSH_wqvvLyIwvwxZX49j5yWBXWHtkIq7QI6moNwOrAHffjvw1-JdxJj9Yz6PXZgWQsRDa54OtWIsNjlKC8Sxj2SzrUcXkbQp9HUwSq-XJP1-5dpdDSdDGyXst/s1600/Picture+8.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="340" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjI_h4M91aklTPVdVVsifUWSH_wqvvLyIwvwxZX49j5yWBXWHtkIq7QI6moNwOrAHffjvw1-JdxJj9Yz6PXZgWQsRDa54OtWIsNjlKC8Sxj2SzrUcXkbQp9HUwSq-XJP1-5dpdDSdDGyXst/s400/Picture+8.png" t$="true" width="400" /></a></div><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">By Bike</span></b><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: 190.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Time/Distance: 9 minutes – 2.5 km / 1.6 miles</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Money ‘Gained’: <span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">€</span>0.30 / $0.43</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><br />
<br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Comparison #3: Travel from your neighborhood within Houten to a destination outside of the ring road. First use a car to get there, then, try it out by bike.</span></b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiPJRfB4iTwnRroBy58G047x48GRxs2L2nZrWh2BW7ysoqO5hw8K_18Vd2bZrOBa4OhgFIyHCBh2oHLA2aycVRiV4prbRjnfT8NfZICBRc_Sn_iL-Qu-l2XfozrWn_q8tTDc-2RdB-bgN-U/s1600/Picture+9.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiPJRfB4iTwnRroBy58G047x48GRxs2L2nZrWh2BW7ysoqO5hw8K_18Vd2bZrOBa4OhgFIyHCBh2oHLA2aycVRiV4prbRjnfT8NfZICBRc_Sn_iL-Qu-l2XfozrWn_q8tTDc-2RdB-bgN-U/s400/Picture+9.png" t$="true" width="400" /></a></div><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">By Car</span></b><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: 190.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Time/Distance: 10 minutes – 4.7 km / 2.9 miles (assuming no congestion)</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Cost: <span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">€</span>0.91 / $1.31 (<span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">€0.47 for wear and tear and €0.44 for fuel.)</span></span></div><br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhuB_c8eBAsPftLaxxaK_iJQa0rkv6dmmI6UgzBVBCmugna_uahpFQK0cHzo52ABF21oTiQfqUT6xK06KbCTRBX0-HfhFamdLy8-yrT-cyv5B6yNy7WTVVyDzhqEPNYMj6evYSquGLxAPN4/s1600/Picture+10.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="248" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhuB_c8eBAsPftLaxxaK_iJQa0rkv6dmmI6UgzBVBCmugna_uahpFQK0cHzo52ABF21oTiQfqUT6xK06KbCTRBX0-HfhFamdLy8-yrT-cyv5B6yNy7WTVVyDzhqEPNYMj6evYSquGLxAPN4/s400/Picture+10.png" t$="true" width="400" /></a></div><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">By Bike</span></b><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: 190.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Time/Distance: 10 minutes – 2.9 km / 1.8 miles</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Money ‘Gained’: <span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">€</span>0.35 / $0.50</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><br />
<br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Comparison #4: Travel from your neighborhood within Houten to the neighboring city Utrecht. First use a car to get there, then, try it out by biking to the train station and then hop onto the train.</span></b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg3njaT0Y21MLSrln_IGI-x13rgBQIa7Etp9uw2U_owTwRwfhpr6mOdlwimCBFSdQlGrnxKqz8y-RaYKC0csSBz1vVsG29ySwv4NcXeUg2cr7FJTDPne_iMhdE5ZvSpsAX-jNvwA3dlcVME/s1600/Picture+11.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg3njaT0Y21MLSrln_IGI-x13rgBQIa7Etp9uw2U_owTwRwfhpr6mOdlwimCBFSdQlGrnxKqz8y-RaYKC0csSBz1vVsG29ySwv4NcXeUg2cr7FJTDPne_iMhdE5ZvSpsAX-jNvwA3dlcVME/s400/Picture+11.png" t$="true" width="355" /></a></div><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">By Car</span></b><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: 190.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Time/Distance: 22 minutes – 13.4 km / 8.3 miles (assuming no congestion)</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Cost: <span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">€</span>2.62 / $3.77 (<span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">€1.34 for wear and tear and €1.28 for fuel.)</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Calibri;"></span><br />
</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgG9rqdplvGQ9zrTr5Vb39qbM7ES704kt7R9bgyRR6HATUusCtLiXbBwOK2tisUk40Qg0pTmIR8T1FG10kAGNg2wRwOsahgU_UqDAim15Kgy2cwHhBB0SuPrAlv6X4FHCdI-MblruEQQp8q/s1600/Picture+12.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgG9rqdplvGQ9zrTr5Vb39qbM7ES704kt7R9bgyRR6HATUusCtLiXbBwOK2tisUk40Qg0pTmIR8T1FG10kAGNg2wRwOsahgU_UqDAim15Kgy2cwHhBB0SuPrAlv6X4FHCdI-MblruEQQp8q/s400/Picture+12.png" t$="true" width="355" /></a></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: 190.0pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Bike and Train</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; tab-stops: 190.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Time/Distance: 5 + 8 = 13 minutes / 1.3 km + 7.4 km = 8.7 km / 0.8 + 4.6 = 5.4 miles</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Money ‘Gained’: <span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">€</span>0.16 / $0.23 (minus <span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">€2 train ticket)</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p4QT5rvnfS0"><span style="color: blue; font-family: Calibri;">Watch a video to see the difference for yourself!</span></a></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Resources: </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Hilbers, Brachtje. "The Influence of the Spatial Planning on bicycle Use and Health." (2008): 114.</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Foletta, Nicole. “Summary of Results of Houten Travel Behavior Survey.” (2010): 6.</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Tiemens Herbert. “Municipality Houten.” (2011): 36</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;"><a href="http://www.dutchdailynews.com/dutch-traffic-fatalities"><span style="color: blue; font-family: Calibri;">http://www.dutchdailynews.com/dutch-traffic-fatalities</span></a><span style="font-family: Calibri;">, maps.google.com</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div></div>Pamela Johnsonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02537346850561288842noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5692926128201624742.post-8922355998887338842011-07-19T15:49:00.000-07:002011-07-19T15:49:30.731-07:00Traffic Signs in the Netherlands<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgjq01aCWeGGrwZsdxiJA2JBqlvtf2G02mPRpslh6g4aeLBp5aM01DcAv4OWu-qabHWij3m_w9JwwgiFkbjiUos_kBxR9IosUbJ6l-JAEP04RxXQHQfFNK17N5U3UOZwjQPnbg-mRREedxC/s1600/DSCN1384.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="240" m$="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgjq01aCWeGGrwZsdxiJA2JBqlvtf2G02mPRpslh6g4aeLBp5aM01DcAv4OWu-qabHWij3m_w9JwwgiFkbjiUos_kBxR9IosUbJ6l-JAEP04RxXQHQfFNK17N5U3UOZwjQPnbg-mRREedxC/s320/DSCN1384.JPG" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Delft</td></tr>
</tbody></table><br />
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjmltXzSxeRvWgFNwADAH_6IagsWBbMGNiOjLbBF9WMKddP-_s9JCj9D4TgXlpMpB0Ci7VkCPKOVhzskoDSnmaFBLSA5NOIARxB_LbeTDTNJ_eJqSBrt2WVkdPoDMZ7wBkyS-dcuRDlJnJO/s1600/DSCN1536.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" m$="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjmltXzSxeRvWgFNwADAH_6IagsWBbMGNiOjLbBF9WMKddP-_s9JCj9D4TgXlpMpB0Ci7VkCPKOVhzskoDSnmaFBLSA5NOIARxB_LbeTDTNJ_eJqSBrt2WVkdPoDMZ7wBkyS-dcuRDlJnJO/s320/DSCN1536.JPG" width="320" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEggdr5oM9BqwqLa3gWXB0bLXUjMAjzM9H8wJZSB4FN5vx2K51dzUAs0hRRQQ77PigujJtWJs2AX21TTtBI3oNhHGrszZNwEYpPp78iy8HugYkkXI9bLYZfYCMGUiUDfzAp8Igwd__bTFX7a/s1600/DSCN1542.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" m$="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEggdr5oM9BqwqLa3gWXB0bLXUjMAjzM9H8wJZSB4FN5vx2K51dzUAs0hRRQQ77PigujJtWJs2AX21TTtBI3oNhHGrszZNwEYpPp78iy8HugYkkXI9bLYZfYCMGUiUDfzAp8Igwd__bTFX7a/s320/DSCN1542.JPG" width="320" /></a></div>Pamela Johnsonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02537346850561288842noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5692926128201624742.post-36772709695381231402011-07-19T15:39:00.000-07:002011-07-19T15:39:10.324-07:00Bikes Galore<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhEhzY8dUKgWEJ-YRuj6o5YoiuVccXtmjWiK06iSi6iYte0h2axwOSNvXkReC0_xbsPOrzk-8lOBLNwCYCcDWSOEQMXraQCbQQqpwvOymMMPPeTW63slYA66rvjVsjx4Meny-o1tUOrueae/s1600/DSCN1601.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="240" m$="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhEhzY8dUKgWEJ-YRuj6o5YoiuVccXtmjWiK06iSi6iYte0h2axwOSNvXkReC0_xbsPOrzk-8lOBLNwCYCcDWSOEQMXraQCbQQqpwvOymMMPPeTW63slYA66rvjVsjx4Meny-o1tUOrueae/s320/DSCN1601.JPG" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Delft Train Station<br />
</td></tr>
</tbody></table><br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjj4NWjUWbr-5gSOdQ683jHGgnEVrPk4npi3TvegURYaMxYVrtwvhkkObckOsvOUK3dbHUMHyC_I1m-E4GPfiloKUkaa7hsociamAr-OtjXNaJ3ryINSgz7lzFJewsUQ763RQgbMz8Ic8Sq/s1600/DSCN1602.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="240" m$="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjj4NWjUWbr-5gSOdQ683jHGgnEVrPk4npi3TvegURYaMxYVrtwvhkkObckOsvOUK3dbHUMHyC_I1m-E4GPfiloKUkaa7hsociamAr-OtjXNaJ3ryINSgz7lzFJewsUQ763RQgbMz8Ic8Sq/s320/DSCN1602.JPG" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Other side of Delft Train Station</td></tr>
</tbody></table><br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiiKU__LXcQ1HSHUuzTD9kJrAi0Em1gkPG7pIc-6nllQwzw99-sZIE6C-TkUwJLY-jprCTcef9GMjA2QlYJdD-b5GaY9kRfDAzmNFIrL_ceQH7UnBChwHIknWae9cpkWwKUHCOR4TUdpGqs/s1600/DSCN1603.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="240" m$="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiiKU__LXcQ1HSHUuzTD9kJrAi0Em1gkPG7pIc-6nllQwzw99-sZIE6C-TkUwJLY-jprCTcef9GMjA2QlYJdD-b5GaY9kRfDAzmNFIrL_ceQH7UnBChwHIknWae9cpkWwKUHCOR4TUdpGqs/s320/DSCN1603.JPG" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Houten Train Station</td></tr>
</tbody></table> <br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiMmrJ-YphujeINQr5GStrsZYj28ZPd6vnL2svXmb0zhi2CmNAjtWAS4OLjUDQnv3bRZpPL2hLWkge0ySS8r39qDdQnJiqFryj5J5D6I862BRGhG-mdw-oExrl2KpsYEksWBUsnDoWvsVzZ/s1600/DSCN1434.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="240" m$="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiMmrJ-YphujeINQr5GStrsZYj28ZPd6vnL2svXmb0zhi2CmNAjtWAS4OLjUDQnv3bRZpPL2hLWkge0ySS8r39qDdQnJiqFryj5J5D6I862BRGhG-mdw-oExrl2KpsYEksWBUsnDoWvsVzZ/s320/DSCN1434.JPG" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Ypenburgh Train Station</td></tr>
</tbody></table> <br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiYt3XvOxpohdnlgt-4Gf_7h3EuxYzARWMl5H7_mDkbyMzwY1Vg8aOoAxLhU7qOk1hPfdYyf-pzDSqV8wWB5iAVQX5YA9a5tDNCPe3NuFcpU4MQ8AoyeDqNZXnFD93gAip3mGIrsc-zgMkk/s1600/DSCN1435.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="240" m$="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiYt3XvOxpohdnlgt-4Gf_7h3EuxYzARWMl5H7_mDkbyMzwY1Vg8aOoAxLhU7qOk1hPfdYyf-pzDSqV8wWB5iAVQX5YA9a5tDNCPe3NuFcpU4MQ8AoyeDqNZXnFD93gAip3mGIrsc-zgMkk/s320/DSCN1435.JPG" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Ypenburgh Train Station</td></tr>
</tbody></table> <br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjP1yJ1QBp58cE2h6NiCBRPcGjSad-KbyN-aNPi6Dc7ki3MAJqsv21UeyYLTzlK4UcdK8gOkKkqmohqlxrsnBotfdDyFPoVXKIFYA6cOZOHiflUI5siYRtatBIdhdBseyinn2lCiom-kbKB/s1600/DSCN1438.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="240" m$="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjP1yJ1QBp58cE2h6NiCBRPcGjSad-KbyN-aNPi6Dc7ki3MAJqsv21UeyYLTzlK4UcdK8gOkKkqmohqlxrsnBotfdDyFPoVXKIFYA6cOZOHiflUI5siYRtatBIdhdBseyinn2lCiom-kbKB/s320/DSCN1438.JPG" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Ypenburgh Train Station</td></tr>
</tbody></table> <br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjYV7_AaZSUinReuqi_9dU_5wN0ejNirW8-Ig7wTNiQewyvlfVSWgTRjTVJSccXYHB8N451i9hPW-8xqQpmePZK6fbRlgk1_ywSbfOm_yzUEeawbwYR4r1uXCtQGuIN6YJM7dmjs9S6LXD-/s1600/DSCN1360.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="240" m$="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjYV7_AaZSUinReuqi_9dU_5wN0ejNirW8-Ig7wTNiQewyvlfVSWgTRjTVJSccXYHB8N451i9hPW-8xqQpmePZK6fbRlgk1_ywSbfOm_yzUEeawbwYR4r1uXCtQGuIN6YJM7dmjs9S6LXD-/s320/DSCN1360.JPG" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Amsterdam</td></tr>
</tbody></table><br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjrj5i4WY-K-z7LIh1Tg6OfItqGFbcJQXkLyxOlYCj02ulSm5yVLR5WhbQDivv-JQrdogx8KzXUQUxmvpxf7gOnIk53Sy8E3jY93u4gknYvwhu_N1wYVoh7F5PFhTTzl2ZMGPVEU1CzFQXD/s1600/DSCN1373.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="240" m$="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjrj5i4WY-K-z7LIh1Tg6OfItqGFbcJQXkLyxOlYCj02ulSm5yVLR5WhbQDivv-JQrdogx8KzXUQUxmvpxf7gOnIk53Sy8E3jY93u4gknYvwhu_N1wYVoh7F5PFhTTzl2ZMGPVEU1CzFQXD/s320/DSCN1373.JPG" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Amsterdam</td></tr>
</tbody></table> <br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhNrXYZL04rDkJc-Gc7QkyB08Bn2DQmENqFjnUquWN-_9IwlI8P3SOlNLnfYJhM2duaZjN6iIMdhuUWvF0h8OmQj4G766y1HM5dnUumx7vFpqtwWQyZYgoXXpsu79xOmM5RnqIfy26LdcRv/s1600/DSCN1374.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="240" m$="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhNrXYZL04rDkJc-Gc7QkyB08Bn2DQmENqFjnUquWN-_9IwlI8P3SOlNLnfYJhM2duaZjN6iIMdhuUWvF0h8OmQj4G766y1HM5dnUumx7vFpqtwWQyZYgoXXpsu79xOmM5RnqIfy26LdcRv/s320/DSCN1374.JPG" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Amsterdam</td></tr>
</tbody></table> <br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjtrKktYVY97phjAYBMB9DpX-QKYODSibTDWPNf4oBcuazZlFvVv0gHCiNgcLZgmmmdAjlvbDbPLY2eqUjeFvWAtERluUYhaq_dApxKzZkrdvsGaJuNjRT5YJRCvdsb5VWrW92DH8TUjGt3/s1600/DSCN1380.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="240" m$="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjtrKktYVY97phjAYBMB9DpX-QKYODSibTDWPNf4oBcuazZlFvVv0gHCiNgcLZgmmmdAjlvbDbPLY2eqUjeFvWAtERluUYhaq_dApxKzZkrdvsGaJuNjRT5YJRCvdsb5VWrW92DH8TUjGt3/s320/DSCN1380.JPG" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Amsterdam</td></tr>
</tbody></table> <br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiaezabkwuxBql3O9CHS6jZ14VmI5C3sJYB6oGRNIJHs8E2x1viz96I2xh-Z8CzXUxnJvAAWVPdXl4-QEnukxfnipUyZKtb8Xm_TuvCu5EiFbY2oxweSliy1DlWecVsltVgGrrRf_bAPhJw/s1600/DSCN1389.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="240" m$="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiaezabkwuxBql3O9CHS6jZ14VmI5C3sJYB6oGRNIJHs8E2x1viz96I2xh-Z8CzXUxnJvAAWVPdXl4-QEnukxfnipUyZKtb8Xm_TuvCu5EiFbY2oxweSliy1DlWecVsltVgGrrRf_bAPhJw/s320/DSCN1389.JPG" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">TU Delft</td></tr>
</tbody></table> <br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjKgS7DzfheEc5sK3rwkiRdAPlbELGgtqZnen31bz_UGy4E-Gp24CcsdfNKVBe1TSVrZq5HAM3-aLM90dG_6au-3e2-aWbYpF9yHVIp3LWCHnOL_bhi3qWcNalIACMvn-k4ahjWEAawzH39/s1600/DSCN1537.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="240" m$="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjKgS7DzfheEc5sK3rwkiRdAPlbELGgtqZnen31bz_UGy4E-Gp24CcsdfNKVBe1TSVrZq5HAM3-aLM90dG_6au-3e2-aWbYpF9yHVIp3LWCHnOL_bhi3qWcNalIACMvn-k4ahjWEAawzH39/s320/DSCN1537.JPG" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Pijnaker Train Station</td></tr>
</tbody></table>Pamela Johnsonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02537346850561288842noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5692926128201624742.post-91642971820629081132011-07-19T15:01:00.001-07:002011-07-19T15:01:38.460-07:00Chapters 6 and 7; Cities, Streets, and Districts<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">In the chapter “The Uses of City Neighborhoods”, Jane Jacobs believed that Americans are not good at localized self-government. If healthy neighborhoods in a city are to be created and protected, self-government through specific types of neighborhood organizations are needed. </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">Jacobs thought that there are three specific types of neighborhoods that are important for self-government;</div><ol style="margin-top: 0in;" type="1"><li class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span style="color: #4bacc6;">the city</span> as a whole</li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: #9bbb59; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in;">street neighborhoods</li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span style="color: #c00000;">districts</span> of large sub-city size of around 10,000 people</li>
</ol><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(p.153)</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span style="color: #4bacc6;">The city</span> as neighborhood is responsible for allocating Federal and other tax monies to the the city; its districts, and its neighborhoods. It is also the center of the arts and other intellectual organizations. Special interest groups and pressure groups tend to work within the city. Cities are also important for bringing together its neighborhoods into a cohesive entity (p.154).</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span style="color: #9bbb59; mso-themecolor: accent3;">Street neighborhoods</span> consist of a small area that can vary depending on the layout of the streets. For instance, in a city laid out in long blocks, a street neighborhood may consist of just one street on one block, from intersection to the next intersection. Other street neighborhoods may consist of a few blocks and its intersecting streets. An important roll of the street neighborhood is to call on help from others when a problem arises in the streets and they are not able to solve the problem though their own self-governance. </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">A <span style="color: #c0504d; mso-themecolor: accent2;">district</span> is potentially the most powerful neighborhood organization because it has the potential to fight city hall (pp.158-159) It is the neighborhood organization that should be responsible for protecting the street neighborhoods. Districts need to be able to bring the resources of the city to the local street level. “The chief function of a successful district is to mediate between the indispensible, but inherently politically powerless, street neighborhoods, and the inherently powerful city as a whole (p. 158)”. Jacobs argued that although we have districts by name, Americans fail at effectively using these organizations to self-govern. </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">Besides the importance of the physical organization of neighborhoods and districts, relationships between different groups of people and organizations is a crucial element of districts. Jacobs calls them hop-and-skip relationships, which are “working relationships among people, usually leaders, who enlarge their local public life beyond the neighborhoods of streets and specific organizations or institutions and form relationships with people whose roots and backgrounds are in entirely different constituencies (p.175)”. “It takes surprisingly few hop-skip people, relative to a whole population, to weld a district into a real Thing (p.175)”. </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">The importance of having strong neighborhood organizations is because “There are only two ultimate public powers in shaping and running American cities: votes and control of money (p.171)”. “..seduction and subversion of the elected is easiest when the electorate is fragmented into ineffectual units of power (p.171)”.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">From my own experience in the observing the public involvement process and neighborhood meetings, Portland does a good job. The City of Portland actually facilitates some of these roles that maybe Jacobs thinks should be left to the self-governance of neighborhoods. </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">The city helps facilitate and fund the creation of “hop-skip” meetings, called stakeholder meetings, which consist of local organizations, business leaders, and neighborhood citizens who meet to discuss city or neighborhood planning projects through the public involvement process. The city also funds and encourages block parties and other neighborhood gatherings. <place w:st="on"><city w:st="on">Portland</city></place> has a system of strong neighborhood groups but I have not heard of powerful district organizations (Hollywood District, NW Portland?). </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">Another important aspect of creating strong neighborhood organizations, that Jacobs discussed, is the ability of a neighborhood to retain its people. A neighborhood must be diverse enough that, even if a family changes either in family size, change in career, or income level, there is enough sufficient diversity in housing and businesses that they can remain in the neighborhood (p.182). </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">There are four generators of diversity, covered in chapter 7, that Jacobs gave to encourage diversity in districts and in streets;</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><br />
</div><ol style="margin-top: 0in;" type="1"><li class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .5in;">The district must serve more than one primary function. These functions must be able to use sidewalk facilities for different reasons and functions and for during different times of day.</li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .5in;">Blocks must be short in order to have convenient pathways to all places. </li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .5in;">The district must have a variety of buildings of diverse ages and in diverse conditions in order to support diverse businesses and economic diversity needed to support the district. “This mingling must be fairly close-engrained”.</li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .5in;">There must be a dense concentration of people</li>
</ol><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.25in;">The first three leads to the 4<sup>th</sup> condition. (pp. 196-197)</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.25in;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.25in;"><city w:st="on"><place w:st="on">Portland</place></city> neighborhoods have many of these aspects. Blocks are mostly short, especially on the east side of the river, inner northwest, and downtown. Many of these neighborhoods have a diversity of building ages but this does not always mean that the rents of the older building are cheaper and allow more diverse businesses. The Urban Growth Boundary does help Portland increase its population density</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.25in;">Many of Portland’s neighborhood streets and districts serve more than one primary function. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>For example, the Pearl District has many small and diverse businesses. It has art galleries, restaurants, and stores. The Pearl and the surrounding NW area has industrial warehouses and businesses such as advertising agencies.</div>Pamela Johnsonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02537346850561288842noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5692926128201624742.post-66230088388173698672011-07-15T22:05:00.000-07:002011-07-15T22:05:49.782-07:00Children and Sidewalks<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Chapter 4 of Jane Jacobs book, “The Death and Life of Great American Cities”, titled “The Uses of Sidewalks: Assimilating Children,” Jacobs argued that we have to give up the notion that playgrounds and parks are automatically good places for children. She believed that playgrounds can be dangerous places because “children have moved out from under eyes of a high numerical ratio of adults, into a place where the ratio of adults is low or often nil (p. 101).”</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Jacobs thought that urban planners did not understand that to adequately educate children how to be good citizens, children should be playing on sidewalks that have lots of adults. These adults on busy neighborhood sidewalks, both locals and strangers alike, play a role in teaching children how to act and be part of society. This particular role cannot be taught by parents or adults paid to watch children. “People must take a modicum of responsibility for each other even if they have no ties to each another. This is a lesson nobody learns by being told. It is learned from the experience of having <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">other people without ties of kinship or close friendship or formal responsibilities to you </i>take a modicum of responsibility for you (p.108).” “It is a lesson that parents, by themselves, is powerless to teach (p.109). I agree with Jacobs, but we are lacking two things; one, sidewalks with lots of people, and two, it is not okay to tell someone else’s child what to do or not to do<a href="" name="_GoBack"></a> in today’s childrearing culture.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Instead of taking advantage of the supervision that adults on busy sidewalks can provide for childrearing, our society has sheltered children from the streets and created an artificial world of over-planned, over- supervised activities. “It is not in the nature of things to go somewhere formally to them by plan, officially. Part of the charm is the accompanying sense of freedom to roam up and down the sidewalks, a different matter from being boxed into a preserve (p. 113).”</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Most Americans do not live in Jane Jacobs world. A world in which population density is high and storefronts and neighbors are mixed together and close to the sidewalk. Also most of our sidewalks are too narrow to hold a mixture of uses at once. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">What about it the <place w:st="on"><country-region w:st="on">Netherlands</country-region></place>? Have they created this kind of mingling of uses and encouraged children to be part of it? Spatial planning is an important process used in the <country-region w:st="on"><place w:st="on">Netherlands</place></country-region> when designing new streets. In Houten it was important for them to design spaces where people can meet and talk to each other. I did not notice very many children playing on these streets. What they have done in Houten for children is to make it easy for children to get to schools at a young age and teach them to ride their bike.</span></div>Pamela Johnsonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02537346850561288842noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5692926128201624742.post-26012853005401483342011-07-10T02:47:00.000-07:002011-07-10T03:01:26.439-07:00New York Times Article Review<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEho9T9H3YM0jvjfktI7wRFr3FHxYcCzrTEkzRSj6OVw5rusMejeRP7dVWWCAaReBnTH3kOJmIyb2vxv5qnS0WdcZ90YNwbg31fNl7ZobWvfkIIPBTrFBmmFqUAAsgfjUprMmIXnrMyrez6U/s1600/DSCN1639.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" m$="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEho9T9H3YM0jvjfktI7wRFr3FHxYcCzrTEkzRSj6OVw5rusMejeRP7dVWWCAaReBnTH3kOJmIyb2vxv5qnS0WdcZ90YNwbg31fNl7ZobWvfkIIPBTrFBmmFqUAAsgfjUprMmIXnrMyrez6U/s320/DSCN1639.JPG" width="320" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><strong>Bike Street, Cars are Guests</strong></div><div align="left" class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><strong> Articles:</strong></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">A New York Times Article: Across Europe, Irking Drivers is Urban Policy, by Elizabeth Rosenthal</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><a href="http://www.nytimes.com/2011/06/27/science/earth/27traffic.html?_r=3&pagewanted=1&exprod=myyahoo">http://www.nytimes.com/2011/06/27/science/earth/27traffic.html?_r=3&pagewanted=1&exprod=myyahoo</a></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">NY Times: In Europe they "make car use expensive and just plain miserable", by Jonathan<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Maus</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><a href="http://bikeportland.org/2011/06/27/ny-times-in-europe-they-make-car-use-expensive-and-just-plain-miserable-55548">http://bikeportland.org/2011/06/27/ny-times-in-europe-they-make-car-use-expensive-and-just-plain-miserable-55548</a></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">In the Elizabeth Rosenthal article “Across Europe, Irking Drivers is Urban Policy” only the negative aspects of limiting car use in European cities is highlighted. Car use has many hidden costs that all of us bear; Government subsidies to the automobile and fuel companies, environmental pollution, public health, and expensive infrastructure projects. Increasing multi-modal travel increases the livability of a city.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>There are many positive aspects that Rosenthal could have added to her one sided article.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">I question Rosenthal’s journalistic integrity. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Her choice of words and phrases to describe the situation is more suited to an opinion piece; “Creating environments openly hostile to cars”, “Paris have had car lanes eroded by popular bike sharing programs,” and <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“On street parking is vanishing,” <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>hype the negative stereotype that Europeans live in a un-free, limiting, socialist society. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">This New York Times article does give good quotes from government officials and scholars that compare the difference between the attitudes of Europeans and Americans.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Europeans tend to perceive the auto as only one part of a practical, efficient transportation system. As quoted in Rosenthal’s article, “Peder Jensen, head of the Energy and Transport Group at the European Environment Agency. ‘Here there has been more movement to make cities more livable for people, to get cities relatively free of cars.’” Autos are correctly perceived as having a high “social safety” cost. Social safety is a term used often in Netherland’s municipal planning departments to describe the a policy’s overall effect on a community’s livability.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Americans tend to view transportation for daily trips as generated only by car. We are so used to a car for errands. We have a hard time thinking about the option of carrying groceries on a bike or by public transportation. But, as we have seen in the Netherlands, picking up groceries or taking children with us on a bike is the most efficient and convenient (and fun) way to get around.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">The US also has a hard time bridging the gap between the entire car dependent system and getting to a more multi modal system. For example, in Eugene, Oregon a popular shopping area in the center of the town was rebuilt into a European style pedestrian mall.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Mixed use buildings with luxury condominiums were added to the area as were other apartment buildings in the center of town, nearby. Soon after, most of the businesses failed and homeless teens took over the area. Eugene replaced the pedestrian mall with a new road. People were unwilling to park one block away in a convenient and free parking garage to shop.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">As stated in the response; NY Times: In Europe they "make car use expensive and just plain miserable" by Jonathan Maus in the bikePortland website, “It's a fascinating article that shows very clearly that in the U.S. we let politics and fear of unsettling the status quo rule our policies — even in cities like Portland where our leaders are well aware of how they do things in Europe.” I agree with Maus that although Portland is moving towards a more multi- modal transportation system, it is not moving at a fast enough speed. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Many Portland business owners are at odds with those that want to increase facilities for better bike and pedestrian access and decrease on-street parking. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">But the City of </span>Portland’s is working with local business to replace on-street parking spots with bike parking. This genius idea not only increases an existing need for bike parking but also lets local buisnesses test the idea of bikes=more customers. I do believe that soon enough businesses in Portland will realize that improving bike and pedestrian facilities near their locations will increase the amount of shoppers to their stores. Once we get the businesses on board, the speed in which multi-modal choices will appear will increase. But, as “they” say, if it can’t be done in Portland, chances are it won’t work anywhere else in the US.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">With article writers such a Rosenthal exaggerating and reinforcing the negative, and somewhat unfounded, aspects of increased transportation choices, many in the US will never open their mind to more convenient, fun, and healthy alternatives to their car dependent lack of choices.</span></div>Pamela Johnsonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02537346850561288842noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5692926128201624742.post-56954988015545715872011-07-07T12:24:00.000-07:002011-07-11T13:07:55.196-07:00Trip to Westland<div class="separator" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgIMlNaI4eU7DRJicn7V91DyoFIuCBBGwdoBpvx8XUJwTId6_u-rHEDyuyXXZ13XDLDyCQa3snWULIsewJxGC1K1y5q1pObGdhUlm4RIE-GWArJ7lykNQdlwc92wZwDRLcIdIN8FwpgDQeS/s1600/DSCN1545.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; cssfloat: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a></div><div style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none;"><br />
</div><div style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">July 6, 2011</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Our trip today shifted our focus from transportation engineering to other innovative Dutch engineering applications such as water resources, thermodynamics, mechanical, and industrial engineering. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: x-small;"><strong><img border="0" height="150" m$="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgIMlNaI4eU7DRJicn7V91DyoFIuCBBGwdoBpvx8XUJwTId6_u-rHEDyuyXXZ13XDLDyCQa3snWULIsewJxGC1K1y5q1pObGdhUlm4RIE-GWArJ7lykNQdlwc92wZwDRLcIdIN8FwpgDQeS/s200/DSCN1545.JPG" width="200" /></strong></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: x-small;"><strong>Peit Opstal was our tour guide for the day.</strong></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Our first stop was to a planned calamity water storage system. If a storm surge dumps a large amount of water onto the Netherlands that cannot be managed by its extensive canal system, the excess water will be mediated and will be held at this site. It is only for emergencies and is currently a farm field. This area can hold up to 500 million liters of water. At this point, the canal system in the Netherlands is at its highest point. The average high tide reading is at 44 centimeters below sea level.</span></div></div><br />
</div> <div class="separator" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; clear: both; text-align: center;"> </div><div class="separator" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhjQK1bsRguP2hHJP-ZZbkSu5_fiMadzWZ0R1p6EhWKJxdlkSppXkKr9Fkg7dN8DZtQcoHXyP0Z2lMnMtgRv7nDQBn9bU2_S5HNH9b6Gvc-vAs7qpPMOakCGPmdM_1RKSKxq9dO3Rjs-eKl/s1600/DSCN1547.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="150" m$="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhjQK1bsRguP2hHJP-ZZbkSu5_fiMadzWZ0R1p6EhWKJxdlkSppXkKr9Fkg7dN8DZtQcoHXyP0Z2lMnMtgRv7nDQBn9bU2_S5HNH9b6Gvc-vAs7qpPMOakCGPmdM_1RKSKxq9dO3Rjs-eKl/s200/DSCN1547.JPG" width="200" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><strong>Highest Canal</strong></span></div></td></tr>
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<div class="separator" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; clear: both; text-align: center;"><img border="0" height="150" m$="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhmIlLJ1P6vwGvIO-_JFddDfU8pJ6GIBKpiWMbvH2HhPkTwBsZDtC1LUdRPYjugJP3Fix8Oyy6hl0PswDVaX89j8zUEDAfq77jOkg75Az57FHykkbMKnn1-uzP3iF_QwSPsR6p5EdT8OAAK/s200/DSCN1551.JPG" width="200" /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhmIlLJ1P6vwGvIO-_JFddDfU8pJ6GIBKpiWMbvH2HhPkTwBsZDtC1LUdRPYjugJP3Fix8Oyy6hl0PswDVaX89j8zUEDAfq77jOkg75Az57FHykkbMKnn1-uzP3iF_QwSPsR6p5EdT8OAAK/s1600/DSCN1551.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; cssfloat: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><span style="font-size: x-small;"><strong></strong></span></div><div class="separator" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><strong>The calamity water storage area</strong></span></div><div class="separator" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; clear: both; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div class="separator" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; clear: both; text-align: left;"></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">The Dutch are leaders in the business of growing plants in greenhouses. In Westland, Netherlands stands the single largest concentration of greenhouses in the world. There are over 10,000 hectares (25,500 acres) of greenhouses in the Netherlands. The production value for last year was 5.5 billion euros. The industry employs over 70,000 people. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">The greenhouse industry in the Netherlands generates 8% of the country’s electricity and 11% of gases are consumed within the greenhouse facilities. A greenhouse needs the least amount of energy or heat in the middle of the day. The greenhouse industry power generation is sold back to the grid when peak energy prices are higher, during the day. T</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;">hey use their own energy to light and heat the greenhouses during non-daylight hours. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">The greenhouses can also use CO<sub>2</sub> to improve plant growth.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Shell Oil is producing CO<sub>2</sub> in its oil and natural gas production nearby and is piping it to the greenhouses. </span></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhAIP6OQVjqru0j56Egohksswhv1UZmasAoCsyZwCXocceSji9gx9U8QGwYh0LiTNOWqwRTIULQf1hsf3q__1LDPzg_9k2dTP-Bt4B-JLukz52jP4-Gli58DJWE4dJxCemlYbKaX7g5lrFk/s1600/DSCN1570.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="240" m$="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhAIP6OQVjqru0j56Egohksswhv1UZmasAoCsyZwCXocceSji9gx9U8QGwYh0LiTNOWqwRTIULQf1hsf3q__1LDPzg_9k2dTP-Bt4B-JLukz52jP4-Gli58DJWE4dJxCemlYbKaX7g5lrFk/s320/DSCN1570.JPG" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><strong>Westland Region Greenhouses</strong></div></td></tr>
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</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Our next stop was in the town of De Lier, where we visited Priva, a company that specializes in sustainable greenhouse systems. Wim Decker gave us tour and lecture about the work that Priva does. Decker has worked for Prima since 1971 and his current work is in specialized greenhouse systems.</span></div><div class="separator" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhn_SwLpChDSdJ4AgeEl9J18Y8GjNVt-ZUsUlFI6ux0vZjE6uMSPrvvzu9zuJk3vMYtiub7h5oDBtbY9GCdOsLrI_1uvVocEZqW1tly4D0opCSfbjgVT66eRI8l2VyHFfqhNKR0z0H782m-/s1600/DSCN1557.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="150" m$="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhn_SwLpChDSdJ4AgeEl9J18Y8GjNVt-ZUsUlFI6ux0vZjE6uMSPrvvzu9zuJk3vMYtiub7h5oDBtbY9GCdOsLrI_1uvVocEZqW1tly4D0opCSfbjgVT66eRI8l2VyHFfqhNKR0z0H782m-/s200/DSCN1557.JPG" width="200" /></a> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh7y8ErkrQZS9piuq7MVYCrKQYTY_6EDri45yGto3sXAM6Zn3UBkiW9pXtoIL_23YRcVmQLPjHX6ki1Fy81gfk-5FV_yF8HxZK7Z0oDF0ZchZ-qfkzS_gjIXj8LsAzowZXVYykOrfUzohRT/s1600/DSCN1560.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="150" m$="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh7y8ErkrQZS9piuq7MVYCrKQYTY_6EDri45yGto3sXAM6Zn3UBkiW9pXtoIL_23YRcVmQLPjHX6ki1Fy81gfk-5FV_yF8HxZK7Z0oDF0ZchZ-qfkzS_gjIXj8LsAzowZXVYykOrfUzohRT/s200/DSCN1560.JPG" width="200" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><strong>Priva Headquarters and Explanation of Ecofriendly Features of their Buildiing by Wim Decker</strong></span></div><div class="separator" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; clear: both; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">The role of Priva is to improve the efficiency of greenhouses and greenhouse technology. They develop greenhouse systems that use the generated energy and other byproducts and direct it into useful byproducts. They design closed greenhouse technology that captures the energy created by the sun. They also have systems that capture and recycle the water that transpires from the plants and the excess water that the plants do not take in during watering. They also design systems that capture energy from biomass.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Priva’s horticulture division headquarters building demonstrates the type of sustainable technology concepts that they develop. This building is CO<sub>2</sub> neutral. It uses only electricity for lights and electric systems such as computers and pumps. As part of their climate control system they store hot and cold water deep in the ground in cold and hot wells. The hot water is generated through heat exchangers in in the ceiling of the building, collecting the heat produced by solar radiation. They use a heat pump system to store the cold water in the summer and the hot water in the winter. The clay and sand tanks hold 500,000 cubic meters of water.</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiJr-Izm68KVSu0Q7aMAs6oizVK3dvvE17vvf1cr1QnbwroDajZAnzfh5wgyTpbK0kzl_nWxizVqdFYClIXm4uPS9f5WYSFBp38KXgTrLV6wxBzFrg4P7zMRxdyiipxqxhwrOZyRemkZBxr/s1600/DSCN1558.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="200" m$="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiJr-Izm68KVSu0Q7aMAs6oizVK3dvvE17vvf1cr1QnbwroDajZAnzfh5wgyTpbK0kzl_nWxizVqdFYClIXm4uPS9f5WYSFBp38KXgTrLV6wxBzFrg4P7zMRxdyiipxqxhwrOZyRemkZBxr/s200/DSCN1558.JPG" width="150" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhx9k0-VuZzlQ0q4xZkolA40k52yo4HfTiDNCLE3x-c8VQfzjyAQ010gtIBz90Eoc5bABBTuZqtpJTOaMbPPA54eNjLpxwXeWeVDB4Q7QOYJUpZX_jfhPok6eSx7t-rBHSE6wMcUI5VKv97/s1600/DSCN1562.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="150" m$="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhx9k0-VuZzlQ0q4xZkolA40k52yo4HfTiDNCLE3x-c8VQfzjyAQ010gtIBz90Eoc5bABBTuZqtpJTOaMbPPA54eNjLpxwXeWeVDB4Q7QOYJUpZX_jfhPok6eSx7t-rBHSE6wMcUI5VKv97/s200/DSCN1562.JPG" width="200" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><strong>Details of the Priva Building</strong></span></div><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Priva has 350 employees. 60% of them bike to work. Between company and government cycling incentives, employees that bike to work can purchase a new bike every 3 years. It seems like a great company to work for if you are interested in mechanical, electrical, chemical, and environmental engineering. </span><a href="http://www.priva.nl/"><span style="color: blue; font-family: Calibri;">www.priva.nl</span></a></div><div class="separator" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; clear: both; text-align: left;"><br />
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</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Our next stop was in a small town near Westland for a lunch break. Raw herring with onions is the specialty here. </span></div><div class="separator" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; clear: both; text-align: left;"><br />
</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi2xliihuh7AE61gTZaezYMzObOwGbDjOu7HAXjHjtZXaX_-wGwBfp-W2kc5w5gDmmOExaT8G9-sVRjup9AI5xdEBzL2FKVdLOb0rcyrgrpkjAV9EN3gfeSAFyAXmBiXVsYaegntFmfhIw6/s1600/DSCN1571.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="150" m$="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi2xliihuh7AE61gTZaezYMzObOwGbDjOu7HAXjHjtZXaX_-wGwBfp-W2kc5w5gDmmOExaT8G9-sVRjup9AI5xdEBzL2FKVdLOb0rcyrgrpkjAV9EN3gfeSAFyAXmBiXVsYaegntFmfhIw6/s200/DSCN1571.JPG" width="200" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjYG6eXFKqf97hLlvdpFvsx5Jf6kZBcZIs9TszopFhX7zK9iTkzTlkhtt4_I3FYutNy-flzWVmbbxR6Z2GQ716NrukDw4xYistWdB2xoYsCNuiGeXi4thN26wcrevKS_1WB3gU6mylQSPH3/s1600/DSCN1572.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="150" m$="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjYG6eXFKqf97hLlvdpFvsx5Jf6kZBcZIs9TszopFhX7zK9iTkzTlkhtt4_I3FYutNy-flzWVmbbxR6Z2GQ716NrukDw4xYistWdB2xoYsCNuiGeXi4thN26wcrevKS_1WB3gU6mylQSPH3/s200/DSCN1572.JPG" width="200" /></a></div><br />
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</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Next we visited Campanula, a greenhouse facility in Westland. It is a family owned business that started 90 years ago. Robert ten Have, the latest family member to run the company, gave us the tour of the facility. Campanula specializes in potted plants. An average of 25,000 plants is shipped out each day. As with most greenhouse growing operations, they expanded their business by taking over neighboring greenhouses. In the last 25 years they have grown to 40,000 Square meters.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>There are usually 2 million plants in production every day. They have 10 full time and 20 part time employees.</span></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEja59gSOaCpdUSirOdGxhyq-Dc9vwhSVVfIwQIMhnv-QeblqJM-GzuG7-2z5EIfMS9gGJW-PSCG-AD1XUc8RPm1PP4Fh4Isk9il2mWyeP3_Wrv2L0jC5J3laxXFVXir8T1e5_9YLpAydeeD/s1600/DSCN1590.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="240" m$="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEja59gSOaCpdUSirOdGxhyq-Dc9vwhSVVfIwQIMhnv-QeblqJM-GzuG7-2z5EIfMS9gGJW-PSCG-AD1XUc8RPm1PP4Fh4Isk9il2mWyeP3_Wrv2L0jC5J3laxXFVXir8T1e5_9YLpAydeeD/s320/DSCN1590.JPG" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><strong>Robert ten Have at<span style="font-family: Calibri;"> Campanula</span></strong> </td></tr>
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</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">So how do they keep track of so many plants? Lots of automation.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Every plant sits on a specialized tray with a computer chip that records their movement and plant growth. Videos keep track of how many blossoms are on each plant. Watering and fertilizer are also monitored. The computer system and automation allows the buyer to make detailed orders such as picking the number of flowers on each of the plants ordered.</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjvXB9ehGkslHKP9dgmK-e4J-DHj3P7SumFK9pdkHt5XJ_lOGBzT65ViwhwSaq5KL9ammHTgTXY6LHjirR7ihkhSYS_fHvYWuU9iW0ogw8Xtt__o0Dr3PB9kWkydhiLe6K99GEagCwXEeIn/s1600/DSCN1583.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="150" m$="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjvXB9ehGkslHKP9dgmK-e4J-DHj3P7SumFK9pdkHt5XJ_lOGBzT65ViwhwSaq5KL9ammHTgTXY6LHjirR7ihkhSYS_fHvYWuU9iW0ogw8Xtt__o0Dr3PB9kWkydhiLe6K99GEagCwXEeIn/s200/DSCN1583.JPG" width="200" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgUcs0wOiKWdrJCIIXtqE3Cg0M6S8-MQWLL6RQOBQRrbnzimSnbVLiCidwpq-C_J3ye4V1nZDpCVNlTZZaayEELhxCi3-kURPm1XyE6s4U7wQ829YpGw_SfDgKwI_v3JRb1wByVLazFfGA5/s1600/DSCN1586.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="150" m$="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgUcs0wOiKWdrJCIIXtqE3Cg0M6S8-MQWLL6RQOBQRrbnzimSnbVLiCidwpq-C_J3ye4V1nZDpCVNlTZZaayEELhxCi3-kURPm1XyE6s4U7wQ829YpGw_SfDgKwI_v3JRb1wByVLazFfGA5/s200/DSCN1586.JPG" width="200" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><strong> <span style="font-family: Calibri;">Campanula Greenhouses</span></strong></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br />
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</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Climate control is very important in greenhouses. To protect the plants from overheating in the summer, calcium is sprayed onto the greenhouse.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The calcium on the greenhouses creates shade and protects the plants from overheating. When the weather cools down the calcium can be cleaned off of the greenhouse glass. In the winter, heat is supplied through hot water pipes that run about a meter above the plants. The ideal amount of light for the plants is 16 hours a day. As the daylight shortens, energy efficient grow lights make up the difference.</span></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhH0cVbsajYFGBmocGzSduOdSjMYx4jU4W2DJVFd5AMFqja83Cuk47LkjeNvR5zSPdIQMhFKCiYCJC4wChrnJY-EkKDNR_2AN4x_bj5DgtGixTV4Bq0joeCq8wJFnFdfeGPsfqtGBQIwsuQ/s1600/DSCN1591.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="240" m$="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhH0cVbsajYFGBmocGzSduOdSjMYx4jU4W2DJVFd5AMFqja83Cuk47LkjeNvR5zSPdIQMhFKCiYCJC4wChrnJY-EkKDNR_2AN4x_bj5DgtGixTV4Bq0joeCq8wJFnFdfeGPsfqtGBQIwsuQ/s320/DSCN1591.JPG" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><strong>Hot water Holding Tank at <span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"> </span><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Campanula </span></strong></span></div></td></tr>
</tbody></table><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Power and heated water are generated by a large gasoline engine. The heated water is stored in a large insulated tank and is then run through the pipes in the greenhouse in the evening. The power generated during the daytime hours is more than is needed for the greenhouse facility and is sold to the power company during typical peak hours for other industries, in the middle of the day. This is part of the 8% that the greenhouse industry generates for the country, which was described above.</span></div><div class="separator" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">Our last stop before heading home was the beach town of Monster for a dip in the North Sea.</div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhplFg1fs_lPDgfwbOvNPBQiEH63NuV-QVPrUxx1pWUqlQ7Evn01U0MHsZogFN8WPXi6tWu6Ptu93CmKyshZxCfWtR7uU6g1zwNk2_NKs1pZfhJuy7O8tH-eL5TZVDp158ovk9qgVwUzwtG/s1600/DSCN1596.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="240" m$="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhplFg1fs_lPDgfwbOvNPBQiEH63NuV-QVPrUxx1pWUqlQ7Evn01U0MHsZogFN8WPXi6tWu6Ptu93CmKyshZxCfWtR7uU6g1zwNk2_NKs1pZfhJuy7O8tH-eL5TZVDp158ovk9qgVwUzwtG/s320/DSCN1596.JPG" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The North Sea</td></tr>
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</div>Pamela Johnsonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02537346850561288842noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5692926128201624742.post-57801262176339323542011-07-04T12:48:00.000-07:002011-07-04T12:50:50.907-07:00Critical Mass<div style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj6u77q-ebI-2T3Z7VdNFQFasF3skiapo7T3dayS1VvZ6iHKVOfdG0lfu8BkMNNdYgFq1pJy30LwlB9_KjORboq2IDnIpD9dZG7kWRfx3PdIhyphenhyphenhOJesgcwBwFcXubD0e0qh0YOrn_eY91ns/s1600/DSCN1397.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; cssfloat: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="150" i$="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj6u77q-ebI-2T3Z7VdNFQFasF3skiapo7T3dayS1VvZ6iHKVOfdG0lfu8BkMNNdYgFq1pJy30LwlB9_KjORboq2IDnIpD9dZG7kWRfx3PdIhyphenhyphenhOJesgcwBwFcXubD0e0qh0YOrn_eY91ns/s200/DSCN1397.JPG" width="200" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEihOK8JPrVsbcuQkwku8CWRL7n0k_vXSxmCL5JKg92uQHInbBJVFXZU_ISIfe0V4MIgXUgz2r_z7-TFstuNs4bkMAnsvqpw1r7iX2ZgYY6zmRpIGlvhYr963qR1xn2SuVXvbpkl0Fp4N0LJ/s1600/DSCN1389.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; cssfloat: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="150" i$="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEihOK8JPrVsbcuQkwku8CWRL7n0k_vXSxmCL5JKg92uQHInbBJVFXZU_ISIfe0V4MIgXUgz2r_z7-TFstuNs4bkMAnsvqpw1r7iX2ZgYY6zmRpIGlvhYr963qR1xn2SuVXvbpkl0Fp4N0LJ/s200/DSCN1389.JPG" width="200" /></a></div><div style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none;"><br />
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</div><div style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none;">During a BBQ this weekend with classmates and invited Dutch transportation engineers I was able to ask my question- Was there a major push at some point in time to increase bike facilities and was there resistance to the expansion of bike facilites?</div><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjFtEHf0-IPmlVtV_kZi1lnSM6rbsVU1BUkQ6l84TvTWx7BePB4rYPm4swgZZTWYPzvJTt9spGwzSGa223QYZm6yHflyEF9F6xZYAXgKPiuehwOAvqGkVlo8kRhXOEnQkjiMLwsZCLXuuXr/s1600/DSCN1413.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="150" i$="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjFtEHf0-IPmlVtV_kZi1lnSM6rbsVU1BUkQ6l84TvTWx7BePB4rYPm4swgZZTWYPzvJTt9spGwzSGa223QYZm6yHflyEF9F6xZYAXgKPiuehwOAvqGkVlo8kRhXOEnQkjiMLwsZCLXuuXr/s200/DSCN1413.JPG" style="cursor: move;" unselectable="on" width="200" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none;">The answer? It was <u>car drivers</u> who asked for bike facilites. They wanted the bikes out of their way. Since the 1970's there been a steady increase in facilites. There was no out-of-the-ordinary push to increase bike infrastructure. </div><div style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none;"><br />
</div><div style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none;">In the 1970's the Dutch Bicycle Union was started. </div><a href="http://www.fietsersbond.nl/english-info">http://www.fietsersbond.nl/english-info</a><br />
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This youtube on the Bike Union website is amazing!<br />
<a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Hb0QjASuuqI&feature=player_embedded">http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Hb0QjASuuqI&feature=player_embedded</a><br />
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Well, that answer dosen't help us figure out how to sell more bike facilities to the autocentric masses and get people out of their cars in the US. <br />
What this answer is telling us is that we need a critical mass of cyclists. We need so many cyclists using the streets that autocentric folks beg for bike facilites. <br />
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Is this too dangerous and too radical for a majority of possible bike riders in the US?<br />
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Probably.<br />
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<div align="center"></div><div style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjHS24_DdGfI1TLgbEKEAOQJDhQCg0wbJufftVeakwE844pGMlYYDYdQhLZRxPXfMnbVWm0UAulFj7oFnf3ocIt98Xr9tKntRIfi_v4w-pTXFlasTS1e80uduumobUwmPIMl1UGcNEyBtXK/s1600/DSCN1443.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="300" i$="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjHS24_DdGfI1TLgbEKEAOQJDhQCg0wbJufftVeakwE844pGMlYYDYdQhLZRxPXfMnbVWm0UAulFj7oFnf3ocIt98Xr9tKntRIfi_v4w-pTXFlasTS1e80uduumobUwmPIMl1UGcNEyBtXK/s400/DSCN1443.JPG" width="400" /></a></div>Pamela Johnsonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02537346850561288842noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5692926128201624742.post-360956660472685612011-07-03T09:30:00.000-07:002011-07-03T09:30:24.791-07:00Assignment 1, Chapters 1-3<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">July 1, 2011</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">This blog covers my thoughts and insights from the first three chapters of the book The Death and Life of Great American Cities by Jane Jacobs.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">But first I want to cover the forward Jacobs wrote to her book in 1992. What Jacobs covers in this section of the book helped set the stage of the book for me in terms that I could relate with.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">While Jacobs was writing this book in 1958 she came to realize that it was all about the ecology of cities (p.xvi). She relates a natural ecosystem to a city ecosystem by stating that “A natural ecosystem is defined as ‘composed of physical-chemical-biological processes active within a space-time unit of any magnitude.’ A city ecosystem is composed of physical-economic-ethical processes active at a given time within a city and its close dependencies.” Both ecosystems require “diversity to sustain themselves” and that “diversity develops organically over time” also “The more niches for diversity of life and livelihoods in either kind of ecosystem, the greater carrying capacity for life (p.xvi).” This helped me to put into words what I intuitively felt about the contrasts between an old- growth forest and a regenerated clear-cut forest and between European cities and towns and areas like the Pearl District in Portland. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>You can’t just raze a place, replace all the known elements, and expect a thriving community to pop up. Struggling communities have to be handled with care and the small anchors of life that have made it through the worst times must be supported and integrated into new elements that are added.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">In the first chapter, the introduction to the book, Jacobs calls urban planning a pseudo-science (p.18) and that “The economic rationale of current city rebuilding is a hoax. (p.7)” Jacobs argues that instead of trying to improve cities with contrived, organized, linear plans that require the clearance of entire pockets of struggling areas we should be thinking of a city as “ an immense laboratory of trial and error, failure and success, in city building and design.(p.9)”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I agree with Jacobs. We do not live in a society that encourages much trial and error in city building and design. Those whom are most influential to shaping cities- banks and developers- are driven by short term profit and are resistant to risk and unknowns, especially when the knowns create enough profit. Government agencies are also influenced by the fear of risk and they are dependent on the wishes of banks and developers to help them develop a tax base.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">The second and third chapters deal with the relationship between sidewalks and society in cities. Jacobs argues that busy sidewalks are safe sidewalks and safe sidewalks bring people in and create successful neighborhoods. People perceive empty, unused sidewalks as dangerous.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>City sidewalks are used by both neighbors and strangers (p.38). The relationship between neighbors and strangers on sidewalks are interdependent. She gives three main qualities that successful city streets and sidewalks must have;</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">There must be a clear demarcation between private and public space.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">There must be eyes on the street.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt 0.5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">There must be a fairly continuous use of the sidewalks.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">There is also a role that business and public establishments play in establishing safety on city streets and sidewalks (pp. 46-47)</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">They give people a reason to use the streets.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">While people are using sidewalks along a route to an establishment, they become eyes on that route.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Business owners are proponents of peace and order near their establishments.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt 0.5in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">People attract more people.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">The role of successful sidewalks in a city is that they create a special kind of non-committal trust between people, in other words, they help to create a civil society. Also, they create contact between strangers and people not like themselves and can become incubators of tolerance and a deterrent of racism and discrimination (p. 94).</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">The world of Jacobs in 1958 in NYC is much different than the world of 201l. Although many of her points are as relevant today as they were then, some major changes have happened that will never be the same again; the economic structure, the internet, and the growing shift in natural resource availability.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">We do not manufacture and buy locally anymore. Cities have many small businesses (at least in Portland) but I argue that the majority of people in the US do not care where products are manufactured and that the trend of wealth consolidation among larger corporations does and will affect the type of communities that we have and create. One-stop shopping makes it unnecessary for us to walk on a sidewalk in our neighborhood.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">But in Portland some of these sidewalk ecosystems are thriving. Northwest Portland has the density necessary for sidewalk culture. Some streets such as N Alberta and N Mississippi are starting to become healthy, vibrant communities. The dangers among these areas are that the businesses in these areas supply trendy luxuries and not basic necessities for all people. Are the new shop owners along Mississippi getting to know their neighbors? Are they around for the long haul, committed to the community needs? Or are these mostly young business owners giving it a try until they get bored with owning a business, or until the trust fund runs out, or they sell out to a corporation? </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Another possible danger to the health and strength of communities and sidewalk culture is that fact that many of these new areas that are attempting to create vibrant communities are very expensive to live in. High rents require people to work more therefore not allowing residents to have the time to get to know their neighbors, neighborhoods, and sidewalks. This also affects people’s ability to stay put in an apartment or home.</span></div>Pamela Johnsonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02537346850561288842noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5692926128201624742.post-90303406147791352632011-07-03T08:33:00.000-07:002011-07-03T08:33:07.263-07:00How do they do it?<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">June 29, 2011</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">I have just arrived in Amsterdam. I am totally overwhelmed. It is a transportation cacophony. It feels more dense than NYC. I am so excited for what will unfold in front of me in the next two weeks. Once the high speed train crossed over the German- Dutch border, I could see an immediate increase in bike facilities. Amsterdam is drowning in bikes. I am totally overwhelmed. Portland can't keep up with the needed bike parking and neither can the Dutch. It is a sea of bikes!</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><br />
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjNpHfwOCvvXwEOsMg-aed7kdPA7Bn8JPb2mmgoZ4JoI1BlPFOzjfDmNv-H_JIN0FCLlJtzoAewBlghqPpI3kgc3vpIEf2ULinY0xeaa-FyXrnHtYN_Ukc5Ge30p97f2viT5FD0JVA7xAMC/s1600/DSCN1380.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" i$="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjNpHfwOCvvXwEOsMg-aed7kdPA7Bn8JPb2mmgoZ4JoI1BlPFOzjfDmNv-H_JIN0FCLlJtzoAewBlghqPpI3kgc3vpIEf2ULinY0xeaa-FyXrnHtYN_Ukc5Ge30p97f2viT5FD0JVA7xAMC/s320/DSCN1380.JPG" width="320" /></a></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">The thing that excites me the most about taking a course in transportation engineering in the Netherlands is that we get to experience what it is actually like to use other types of transportation, not just read about it in a book. As an avid commuter cyclist in Portland I ride my bike fast and hard. Will I be able to slow down in the Netherlands? Or will I be a crazy tourist passing everyone else? Will I feel safe not wearing a helmet?</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">I can't wait to get my personal bike in Delft and check out all the different kinds of facilities for bikes and how they interact with other modes of transportation.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">One of the main questions that I want to get answered on this trip is how did the Dutch get everyone in the country on board with this bike thing? Is there something in the attitude and mentality of the Dutch people that makes them more open to leaving their car at home? Is there some belief or attitude that we can take home and use to sell alternative transportation options to the American people?</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">Maybe America is just not flat enough. </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">I just want to find out how an entire country of relatively wealthy people chooses biking over their BMW's every day and how we can get the US to follow their lead.</div>Pamela Johnsonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02537346850561288842noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5692926128201624742.post-75663902128207789492011-06-28T12:53:00.000-07:002011-06-28T12:53:04.309-07:00One Way Car, Two Way Bikes<div align="left" class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">June 28, 2011</div><div align="left" class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;">I have been visiting my relatives in Germany for the last week. I am staying with my cousin Sabine, her partner Didi, and their 2 1/2 year old daughter, Noa. They live in a town about 20 km from Frankfurt called Muhlheim.</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;">Today Didi, Noa, and I rode bikes to the grocery store. This bike facility restricts motor vehicles to drive one way and allows cyclists to drive two ways. </div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiaAYWWuMtrZeWIiwjFYBZeYalTEB8dRnAmhijUJMFnCbAiT8vpgWTfM8V0ZDTdDdw2PDyCNqqw3brEEg7KbLx0jkzF-HeH1PtNUK0zu3wILDbdvmZceYEaQeAeMzcL3afs0lh20d4SrHtC/s1600/043.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" i$="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiaAYWWuMtrZeWIiwjFYBZeYalTEB8dRnAmhijUJMFnCbAiT8vpgWTfM8V0ZDTdDdw2PDyCNqqw3brEEg7KbLx0jkzF-HeH1PtNUK0zu3wILDbdvmZceYEaQeAeMzcL3afs0lh20d4SrHtC/s320/043.JPG" width="320" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">Sabine and her family went to Amsterdam last month and bought this cargo bike. Cargo bikes are not very common in this town. Noa is riding in the front.</div><div align="left" class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhWRHNL-qkse__8o8B1a_SmwhAUzODw3Nuf2xvR5Nld-48eFSaMW44eKP9ORBLIO1aZz9CRTRqwO1Eh0VOvb0qWdX0lO6mjLnNKWHcfbZQhdhjbu-icLPdFx8Fz7LbfYIAjNoDIiLQuTQ3n/s1600/044.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" i$="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhWRHNL-qkse__8o8B1a_SmwhAUzODw3Nuf2xvR5Nld-48eFSaMW44eKP9ORBLIO1aZz9CRTRqwO1Eh0VOvb0qWdX0lO6mjLnNKWHcfbZQhdhjbu-icLPdFx8Fz7LbfYIAjNoDIiLQuTQ3n/s320/044.JPG" width="320" /></a></div>Pamela Johnsonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02537346850561288842noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5692926128201624742.post-25803326334241832032011-06-20T15:08:00.000-07:002011-06-20T15:08:26.873-07:00WelcomeWelcome to my travel Blog! <br />
<br />
The purpose of this blog is to record my experiences during the 2011 summer course Transportation Engineering in the Netherlands. I will share my discoveries involving transportation and urban planning choices in the Netherlands and in Germany and compare them to choices made in the US.<br />
I will also be sharing interesting tidbits and thoughts on Jane Jacob's book Death and Life of Great American Cities.Pamela Johnsonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02537346850561288842noreply@blogger.com1